Libros y capítulos

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/171079

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Open Access
Agua y desarrollo. El caso del Proyecto Olmos Tinajones (Lambayeque, Perú)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Urteaga Crovetto, Patricia
Since the early twentieth century, a developmentalist wave has attempted to mobilize both foreign aid and capital in Peru. Agriculture has been one of the sectors intervened to promote private investment through technological projects and institutional changes. An example of this phenomenon is the Olmos Tinajones Irrigation and Hidroenergy Project developed in the northern coast of Peru during the 1990s. In this article I outline two central arguments for the discussion on water and development: the institutional and physical transformations that occur in the water sector covertly encrypt asymmetries, and the discourse of the common good that legitimize huge hydraulic projects is eventually captured by corruption schemes that primarily benefit private companies.
Open Access
Ambiente y Sociedad: los desafíos de la biodiversidad en el mundo y en el Perú al 2050
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Rosales, Marina; Castro, Augusto
The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international legal instrument aimed at undertaking global efforts for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity components and sharing the benefits of using genetic resources. This article takes stock of the achievements and challenges of this global agreement and proposes new strategic objectives and crucial goals post-2020 to reverse the accelerated loss of species and collapse of ecosystems. This paper reviews in detail the strategies adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity in two strategic plans from 1993 to 2020, and the thematic programs and the Cartagena and Nagoya protocols. Achievements have not been significant in regards of ecosystems or the inclusion of all sectors and private stakeholders in public policies. The study presents a series of critical evaluations around the current debate appearing in the Post-2020 Global Framework for Biological Diversity addressing issues of ecological restoration, connectivity of ecosystems, management of ecological processes and functions, local governance, and the removal of perverse incentives through policy changes. Finally, the study sets forth a few ideas about the condition of biodiversity in Peru, including topics for discussion and debate, as biodiversity requires significant support from the State and the citizens at large.
Open Access
Ambiente, pueblos indígenas y el momento constitucional
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Lanegra, Ivan
Peru’s independence bicentennial creates a new constitutional moment. As Peru starts its third century as an independent nation, it requires new rules to usher a critical intercultural approach and a strong paradigm of sustainability, from standpoints that respond to the climate crisis and the challenge of the Anthropocene. This article consists of three sections. The first takes stock of the environmental and indigenous issue in the 1993 Constitution. The second raises an agenda in the context of a reform of the Constitution. The third discusses some of the political problems that reform could face, as well as the dangers and opportunities it brings.
Open Access
Asumiendo la vida con una taza de café
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Chávez Achong, Julio
Coffee growing occupies a significant place in the global and national economy and agricultural production, but also in the socioecosystems where it is located, which in the case of Peru is mainly the upper Amazon. Little thought is given to this last characteristic. This text does not present the results of an empirical research. It intends to be an essay based on approaches and concepts of diverse sciences, highlighting the natural and sociocultural articulation in coffee growing activities. It pretends to make visible co-evolutionary lines between nature and human society that may predispose us to be more sensitive and more responsible with their future.
Open Access
El cambio climático y nuestra salud: una emergencia desatendida
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Salmón Mulanovich, Gabriela
The last report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows the limited margin we have to adapt to rising global temperature. The last four decades have been the warmest. Peru has been identified as a very vulnerable territory to the effects of climate change. The South American nation has experienced higher temperatures and retrenching glaciers, extreme climatic events, sliding crop yields, pests, floods in the Amazon basin and losses in its marine ecosystem. In addition, persistent inequity in Peru translates into uneven impacts, especially on populations that depend on natural resources for their livelihoods and are most susceptible to such adverse events. The negative effects on health can be direct due to extreme heat, or indirect due to increased exposure to forest fires, the migration of populations resulting from these events, or the transmission of certain diseases. This translates into identifying climate change as an ecosyndemic, which makes it possible to focus on common social and environmental drivers to simultaneously address several problems. Interventions in the urban environment that mitigate the impact of climate change on health and improve well-being are diverse. Decarbonizing the urban energy network has effects on air pollution and the emission of particulate matter, positively influencing health and reducing premature deaths. Considering the vulnerable situation of the territory, it is essential to incorporate these strategies with the most susceptible populations in mind, such as children and adolescents, who will continue to face climate change. After 18 months of COVID-19 health emergency, the country faces many challenges. The health crisis has taught Peru many lessons, but the health of future generations depends on how much we have learned.
Open Access
Cambio Climático: Ventana de Oportunidad para las Fuerzas Armadas en las estrategias de adaptación y mitigación
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Miranda Alfaro, Víctor Arturo
This article exposes and analyzes different actions in which the Armed Forces can participate taking advantage of what Kingdon (1984) calls «windows of opportunity», which will remain open for short periods and if they are not taken advantage of in the political process, the opportunity cost will be lost, and it will be necessary to wait for another one to appear again at a certain moment; all this with the purpose of strengthening the State’s capacity to benefit the population and of having a country on the path to sustainable development. The Armed Forces play a very important role in the State’s sustainability strategy, and they have managed to be considered as an insurance against future conflict scenarios related to climate change. They could participate in supporting society through a significant contribution to adaptation to climate change. In this sense, the armed forces should be strategically considered and prepared as a risk manager.
Open Access
Consideraciones jurídicas sobre la naturaleza en el contexto del bicentenario patrio: una indagación constitucional (Perú 1821 - 2021)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Foy Valencia, Pierre
This essay examines some legal premises on the notion of nature, based on a characterization of the constitutional legal system in the period 1821 -2021. A presentation of the motivation for this essay is followed by a brief retrospective view of nature from the legal standpoint through a diachronic approach to “constitutional regulated law” and nature. Some annotations are included about the legal system and nature at present to conclude with a brief forward looking appreciation of the issue.
Open Access
El derecho ambiental peruano y su adecuación al Acuerdo de Escazú y los principios del buen gobierno
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2023) Gamboa Balbín, César Leonidas
El presente libro ofrece una mirada histórica del desarrollo del Acuerdo de Escazú, así como una detallada y sostenida presentación del mismo. Además, realiza un análisis fundamentado y proporciona referencias actualizadas de la legislación, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina. Es así que llega a ser un insumo para las discusiones nacionales que se están dando sobre el proceso de ratificación, y un material pedagógico para instituciones públicas y privadas interesadas en los temas de protección ambiental.
Open Access
Los desafíos de la Política Ambiental y los pueblos indígenas. Titulación comunal, gestión de áreas protegidas y territorios autónomos en debate
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Soria Dall’Orso, Carlos
El artículo presenta una revisión de las dificultades prácticas para la regularización de la titulación comunal, la demarcación y la titulación de territorios indígenas en Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP), así como las novedosas propuestas alternativas de territorios autónomos. Estas son las principales propuestas de política pública de derechos indígenas que influyen sobre la política ambiental peruana en el periodo 2021-2026.
Open Access
Desafíos y perspectivas de la situación ambiental en el Perú: en el marco de la conmemoración de los 200 años de vida republicana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía, 2022-02) Castro, Augusto; Merino Gómez, María Isabel
En este libro que presentamos a continuación hay muchos tópicos de investigación y muchas reflexiones, ideas y experiencia sistematizada que han sido elaborados gracias a la generosidad y sapiencia de los autores, que nos respondieron con mucho entusiasmo y compromiso en esta tarea de repensar y de aportar en nuestro bicentenario. Habrá que reconocer que son ensayos y artículos sobre diversos temas relacionados con la sociedad y el ambiente, y todos tratados con esmero, integridad y maestría. Nuestro ha sido el trabajo de revisarlos, arbitrarlos y darles un diseño para su publicación. Les estamos muy agradecidos a los autores, y a la vez les señalamos a los lectores de este libro que las páginas que a continuación se presentan deben servir para comprender y transformar nuestra realidad social y ambiental.
Open Access
Energización rural mediante el uso de energías renovables para fomentar un desarrollo integral y sostenible: Propuestas para alcanzar el acceso universal a la energía en el Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2016) Escobar, Rafael; Gamio, Pedro; Moreno, Ana Isabel; Castro, Alicia; Cordero, Víctor; Vásquez, Urphy
El documento analiza la problemática y el estado de la situación referido al acceso universal a la energía, identifica la alternativa en el país de las energías renovables y la eficiencia energética, asimismo presenta una propuesta de política que parte del análisis de los costos, los beneficios y las limitaciones que se enfrentan en el país, en base a ellas se plantea un conjunto de medidas a corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Open Access
¿Es posible detener la deforestación en la Amazonía peruana?
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Dourojeanni, Marc J.
There are conservatively 9.6 million deforested hectares in the Peruvian Amazon. Out of them only 1.9 million support crops and livestock produced each year. The remaining ones, that is four hectares out of every five, is underused or abandoned and partly degraded. It is also known that each hectare in agricultural production produces one-third to one-half of what it could if well-known agricultural techniques were applied. However, deforestation continues at an increasing rate, with 190,000 ha of forests destroyed in 2020. Part of the problem is lack of technical and credit assistance for producers, as well as disorderly construction of roads that encourage deforestation. However, the main obstacle is that most of the deforestation is informal and occupies lands classified as suitable for forestry that cannot be granted as property by law and in which mid- and longterm investments are not made for that reason. Therefore, legalizing ownership of around seven million deforested hectares is proposed to stop deforestation. These are already occupied and it is technically, economically, and sustainably feasible to produce crops in them, applying proven strategies such as agroforestry, permanent crops, and reforestation.
Open Access
¿Estado ambiental en el Perú? Características de la política ambiental contemporánea
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Gamboa, César
There is a public debate on whether advances in Peruvian environmental policies and regulations in recent decades have sufficed to improve environmental management and the governance of natural resources, reduce environmental and social impacts, and avoid socio-environmental conflicts. Environmental policy in Peru has gradually adopted a series of tools to strengthen regulations and enhance access to information and participatory mechanisms, without neglecting the tensions that have resulted from these adopted schemes. Due attention has been paid as well to the challenges posed by global warming and alternatives to address it, such as engaging in a just and sustainable energy transition. We will present in this article a characterization of Peruvian environmental policy in recent years.
Open Access
Gobernanza energética y de la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Miranda Sara, Liliana; Valdivia-Sisniegas, Richard H.; Verdiere, Marion
La energía —desde su generación hasta el consumo— es fundamental para el desarrollo urbano sostenible y resiliente, y particularmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero causantes del cambio climático. Sin embargo, en el Perú del Bicentenario no se reconocen fácilmente las múltiples facetas de esta vinculación. Presentamos aquí hallazgos iniciales del proyecto de investigación Modelos energético-basados en una planificación urbana equitativa en el Sur global (GEMDev, por sus siglas en inglés) 1, específicamente del primer paquete de trabajo, con un análisis de la configuración de la gobernanza energética con respecto a la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana. Se visibiliza una configuración de redes de actores y discursos, donde las redes dominantes y sus discursos no abordan en conjunto la energía y vivienda, limitando así sus contribuciones a la justicia socioambiental, urbana y climática, en las políticas públicas.
Open Access
Gobernanza y territorios indígenas. Cambios, permanencias y redefiniciones
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Chirif, Alberto
This article deals with the social and economic processes that led to creating an institution known as “native community”, formally in 1974 through a specific law. Furthermore, we deal here with the attempts by various administrations to undermine it. We also explain the criteria underpinning traditional indigenous governance and the important role of communities, organized as second level organizations, have played in specific contexts (demands claiming rights’ violations, legal and political proposals, the country’s pacification and ways of dealing with Covid-19). Finally, the article examines the emergence of a new subject of rights, namely “indigenous people”, who are also the bearers of other rights such as the right to an integrated territory and autonomous governance-that are still in the making.
Open Access
La investigación en el derecho ambiental: hacia una metodología de la investigación para la disertación jurídica ambiental (MIJA)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2019) Foy Valencia, Pierre
El libro contiene un conjunto de herramientas metodológicas, que desde una perspectiva transdisciplinaria y sistemática, invitan a profundizar lo que hoy ya se puede denominar como "derecho ambiental peruano". La primera parte presenta una reflexión sobre el saber humano y los caminos de la investigación científica o académica; la segunda se centra en la experiencia de investigación científica en relación con el saber jurídico en general, para en la tercera parte sistematizar la experiencia de investigación científica específicamente relacionada con el saber jurídico ambiental.
Open Access
LCA Foods 2022. 113th lnternational Conference on Life Cycle Assessment of Food
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Vazquez Rowe, lan; Kahhat Abedrabbo, Ramzy; Munoz Sovero, Eizo
The 13th International Conference on LCA of Food, which was held on October 11-14 2022, took place for the first time in the Latin America-Caribbean region, in Lima, Peru. The theme of the conference were the topics aligned to: The Role of Emerging Economies in Global Food Security. LCA Food 2022 venue's welcomed more than 250 participants through a hybrid modality, presenting 6 outstanding keynote speakers, and accepting peer-reviewed submissions in both oral and poster modality as part of 28 parallel sessions. The organizing committee was led by the research group PELCAN (Peruvian LCA and Industrial Ecology Network), part of the Department of Engineering at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and assisted by the INTE - PUCP. In the following link, you can find a revisit of the conference experience on our PELCAN's youtube channel.
Open Access
Más de un bicentenario entre el guano y el mar
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Cárdenas Alayza, Susana
This essay reviews the history of the management and extraction schemes of two large industries that have evolved along the Peruvian marine ecosystem during the past two hundred years of the nation’s life: guano harvest and Peruvian pilchard industrial fishery. It also provides a current perspective on the effects of climate change on the Humboldt Current System and closes with a general reflection on the lessons learned to face the future of the Peruvian marine ecosystem in a more responsible manner.
Open Access
Necesidad de una protección adecuada a los defensores y defensoras de derechos humanos ambientales
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Gamboa Balbín, Aída Mercedes
The threats due to illegal logging, illegal mining, illegal agriculture and illicit cultivation of coca come together in the Amazon and in Peru. Such activities daily increase environmental defenders’ vulnerability level. They are subject to aggressions when defending and protecting their lands and natural resources. This panorama has been aggravated by the arrival of the pandemic and was complemented by incentive to extractive and infrastructure activities, resulting in the continuity of socio-environmental conflicts, such as escalation of violence and criminalization of environmental defenders. Murders have increased and have been reported by various international and domestic organizations, despite progress in the justice and environment sectors. Therefore, there is need for adequate implementation of various existing tools and also for the Congress of the Republic to ratify the Escazú Agreement, the first environmental treaty containing provisions for effective protection of these people.
Open Access
El nivel del mar y la erosión de playas en el Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Tavares Corrêa, Carlos
This research aims to look into the link between sea level rise and beach erosion in Peru. According to a bibliographic search of sea level trends and shoreline change, only 15 percent of the country’s beaches retreat due to erosion. The presence of structures for coastal protection changes the sediment balance and seems to be the major cause of beach erosion in Peru. Otherwise, 85 percent of the coastline remains steady or is moving toward the sea. Contrary to expectations, mean sea level rise appears to have little influence on beach erosion in Peru.