El derecho fundamental al referéndum en el Perú: algunas reflexiones en torno a la sentencia del Expediente N° 00001-2022- PI/TC
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Date
2024-05-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente artículo analiza críticamente el fallo dado por el Tribunal
Constitucional en el marco del Expediente N° 00001-2022-AI/TC. En ese sentido,
se realiza un desarrollo del reconocimiento del referéndum como un derecho
fundamental en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano y, posteriormente, se centra de
manera específica en la existencia del derecho fundamental al referéndum de
iniciativa ciudadana directa. Asimismo, el artículo aborda los métodos de
interpretación más favorables para el reconocimiento efectivo de este derecho
fundamental: la interpretación sistemática por comparación con otras normas, la
interpretación ratio legis y el principio de interpretación pro homine o pro persona.
Posteriormente, se expone el contenido del derecho fundamental al referéndum
de iniciativa ciudadana directa y se desarrollan sus cuatro características
principales: facultativo, decisorio o vinculante, directo o innovativo y, por último,
colectivo. Además, se realiza un análisis de la constitucionalidad de la Ley N°
31399 para concluir que, en efecto, incurre en vicios de inconstitucionalidad total,
directa, material y formal, por lo que el Tribunal Constitucional debió haber
declarado fundada la demanda y, en consecuencia, dicha norma debió haber
sido expulsada definitivamente del ordenamiento. Finalmente, se realiza una
breve reflexión en torno al sistema representativo en contraposición al
participativo en el Perú.
This article critically analyzes the ruling given by the Constitutional Court within the framework of File No. 00001-2022-AI/TC. In this sense, a development of the recognition of the referendum as a fundamental right in the Peruvian legal system is carried out and, subsequently, it focuses specifically on the existence of the fundamental right to the referendum of direct citizen initiative. Likewise, the article addresses the most favorable interpretation methods for the effective recognition of this fundamental right: systematic interpretation by comparison with other norms, ratio legis interpretation, and the principle of pro homine or pro person interpretation. Subsequently, the content of the fundamental right to a direct citizen initiative referendum is explained and its four main characteristics are developed: optional, decisive or binding, direct or innovative, and, finally, collective. Furthermore, an analysis of the constitutionality of Law No. 31399 is carried out to conclude that, in effect, it incurs defects of total, direct, material, and formal unconstitutionality, for which the Constitutional Court should have declared the claim founded and, consequently, said rule should have been definitively expelled from the system. Finally, a brief reflection is made about the representative system as opposed to the participatory system in Peru.
This article critically analyzes the ruling given by the Constitutional Court within the framework of File No. 00001-2022-AI/TC. In this sense, a development of the recognition of the referendum as a fundamental right in the Peruvian legal system is carried out and, subsequently, it focuses specifically on the existence of the fundamental right to the referendum of direct citizen initiative. Likewise, the article addresses the most favorable interpretation methods for the effective recognition of this fundamental right: systematic interpretation by comparison with other norms, ratio legis interpretation, and the principle of pro homine or pro person interpretation. Subsequently, the content of the fundamental right to a direct citizen initiative referendum is explained and its four main characteristics are developed: optional, decisive or binding, direct or innovative, and, finally, collective. Furthermore, an analysis of the constitutionality of Law No. 31399 is carried out to conclude that, in effect, it incurs defects of total, direct, material, and formal unconstitutionality, for which the Constitutional Court should have declared the claim founded and, consequently, said rule should have been definitively expelled from the system. Finally, a brief reflection is made about the representative system as opposed to the participatory system in Peru.
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Tribunales constitucionales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derechos fundamentales--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Referéndum--Perú, Democracia directa--Perú, Participación política--Perú
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