El efecto de la concentración bancaria en la efectividad de la política monetaria: análisis de la economía peruana (2003 – 2019)
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2021-08-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo plantea como objetivo principal evaluar el impacto de la
concentración bancaria en la política monetaria, mediante el canal de créditos
bancarios. La investigación se centra en el período comprendido desde
setiembre de 2003 hasta diciembre de 2019. Este canal es el mecanismo por el
cual la política monetaria interviene en el sistema bancario haciendo uso de la
tasa de referencia. El funcionamiento de dicho canal se da mediante un
desplazamiento de la tasa de interés de referencia que impacta la rentabilidad
del mercado de bonos, resultando atractiva para los bancos. De esta manera,
afecta la composición de los activos, y por tanto la oferta de créditos bancarios.
Sin embargo, es posible que fricciones en el mercado, como la concentración
bancaria, lleguen a impedir el funcionamiento total del canal de préstamos, y en
consecuencia se vea un descenso de la efectividad de la política de la
autoridad monetaria.
Adicionalmente, las crisis financieras han impulsado la concentración en la
banca sobre todo en países en desarrollo. Frente a ello, se ha empleado la
política monetaria como medida de rescate. Por lo tanto, estudiar esta relación
es de particular interés en un momento de crisis financiera mundial. Dado que
se han realizado pocas investigaciones sobre el tema, el presente trabajo
busca llenar este vacío en la literatura académica peruana. Asimismo, el
propósito de esta investigación es analizar en qué medida la concentración del
sistema bancario peruano tiene efectos directos sobre la política monetaria.
Para el proceso econométrico, se recurre a un panel dinámico no balanceado
para bancos peruanos. Se espera encontrar que el impacto analizado sea
negativo y significativo. En específico, se encuentra que el nivel de
concentración del sistema bancario debilita la efectividad de la política
monetaria peruana. Finalmente, presentamos algunas recomendaciones y
sugerencias en base a los principales hallazgos de esta investigación.
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of bank concentration on monetary policy, through the channel of bank loans. The research is focused on the period from September 2003 to December 2019. This channel is the mechanism by which monetary policy intervenes in the banking system using the reference rate. The operation of said channel is through a displacement of the reference interest rate that impacts the profitability of the bond market, resulting in an attractive situation for banks. In this way, it affects the composition of assets, and therefore the supply of bank loans. However, it is possible that frictions in the market, such as bank concentration, may prevent the total functioning of the lending channel, and consequently a decrease in the effectiveness of the monetary authority's policy may be seen. In addition, financial crises have driven concentration in banking, especially in developing countries. In response, monetary policy has been used as a rescue measure. Therefore, studying this relationship is of particular interest at a time of global financial crisis. Since little research has been done on the subject, this paper seeks to fill this gap in the Peruvian academic literature. Likewise, the purpose of this research is to analyze the extent to which the concentration of the Peruvian banking system has direct effects on monetary policy. For the econometric process, an unbalanced dynamic panel for Peruvian banks is used. It is expected that the impact analyzed will be negative and significant. Specifically, it is found that the level of concentration of the banking system weakens the effectiveness of the Peruvian monetary policy. Finally, we present some recommendations and suggestions based on the main findings of this research.
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of bank concentration on monetary policy, through the channel of bank loans. The research is focused on the period from September 2003 to December 2019. This channel is the mechanism by which monetary policy intervenes in the banking system using the reference rate. The operation of said channel is through a displacement of the reference interest rate that impacts the profitability of the bond market, resulting in an attractive situation for banks. In this way, it affects the composition of assets, and therefore the supply of bank loans. However, it is possible that frictions in the market, such as bank concentration, may prevent the total functioning of the lending channel, and consequently a decrease in the effectiveness of the monetary authority's policy may be seen. In addition, financial crises have driven concentration in banking, especially in developing countries. In response, monetary policy has been used as a rescue measure. Therefore, studying this relationship is of particular interest at a time of global financial crisis. Since little research has been done on the subject, this paper seeks to fill this gap in the Peruvian academic literature. Likewise, the purpose of this research is to analyze the extent to which the concentration of the Peruvian banking system has direct effects on monetary policy. For the econometric process, an unbalanced dynamic panel for Peruvian banks is used. It is expected that the impact analyzed will be negative and significant. Specifically, it is found that the level of concentration of the banking system weakens the effectiveness of the Peruvian monetary policy. Finally, we present some recommendations and suggestions based on the main findings of this research.
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Bancos--Perú, Monopolios--Perú, Política monetaria--Perú, Perú--Condiciones económicas--Siglo XXI
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item.page.review
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