Estado del Arte: Sustento teórico de la Etnomatemática en la Educación Básica Regular
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2022-09-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación surge a partir del hecho de que, en muchas instituciones, la
enseñanza de las matemáticas se sigue produciendo de manera tradicional y no se busca
otras maneras de enseñar. Frente a ello, surge la Etnomatemática que busca recuperar el
pensamiento matemático de los grupos culturales y así convertir el aprendizaje en una
actividad significativa y útil para los estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar
el sustento teórico de la Etnomatemática en la Educación Básica Regular. Para ello, se realizó
un estudio documental y se utilizaron diversas fuentes de información. El horizonte temporal
que se consideró fue de los últimos veinte años, pero también se incluyeron algunas fuentes
de la década del noventa. por la importancia de la información. De esta manera, esta
investigación aporta aquellos sustentos teóricos en los que la Etnomatemática se apoya para
hacer una contribución en las bases teóricas de la enseñanza de la matemática. Además,
permite reflexionar sobre las prácticas pedagógicas y la manera cómo se enseñan las
matemáticas considerando relevante el aspecto cultural del estudiante. En este trabajo, se
presentan tres partes esenciales para el desarrollo del tema: aportes teóricos de la psicología
del aprendizaje, la pedagogía y la didáctica de la matemática. En la primera, se desarrolla los
aportes de la teoría sociocultural de Vigotsky y la teoría del aprendizaje significativo de
Ausubel. En la segunda parte, se presenta la enculturación matemática de Bishop y la
pedagogía de Paulo Freire. Y en la última parte se explica la teoría de las situaciones
didácticas de Guy Brousseau y la educación matemática realista de Hans Freudenthal.
This research arises from the fact that, in many institutions, the traditional teaching and other ways of teaching are not sought. In consequence, Ethnomathematics arises which seeks to recover the mathematical thinking of cultural groups and thus turn the learning into a meaningful and useful activity for students. The objective of this research is to analyze the theoretical underpinning of Ethnomathematics in Regular Basic Education. For this purpose, a documentary study was carried out and a wide range of sources of information were used. The time horizon considered was the last twenty years, but some sources from the nineties were also included due to the importance of the information. In this way, this research provides the theoretical underpinnings on which Ethnomathematics is based in order to contribute to the theoretical bases of teaching mathematics. In addition, it allows reflecting about pedagogical practices and the way mathematics is taught considering the student’s cultural aspect as relevant. In this research, three essential parts are presented for the development of the subject: theoretical contributions from psychology of learning, pedagogy and didactics of mathematics. In the first part, the contributions of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning are developed. In the second part, Bishop's mathematical enculturation and Paulo Freire's pedagogy are presented. And in the last part, Guy Brousseau's theory of didactical situations and Hans Freudenthal's realistic mathematics education are explained.
This research arises from the fact that, in many institutions, the traditional teaching and other ways of teaching are not sought. In consequence, Ethnomathematics arises which seeks to recover the mathematical thinking of cultural groups and thus turn the learning into a meaningful and useful activity for students. The objective of this research is to analyze the theoretical underpinning of Ethnomathematics in Regular Basic Education. For this purpose, a documentary study was carried out and a wide range of sources of information were used. The time horizon considered was the last twenty years, but some sources from the nineties were also included due to the importance of the information. In this way, this research provides the theoretical underpinnings on which Ethnomathematics is based in order to contribute to the theoretical bases of teaching mathematics. In addition, it allows reflecting about pedagogical practices and the way mathematics is taught considering the student’s cultural aspect as relevant. In this research, three essential parts are presented for the development of the subject: theoretical contributions from psychology of learning, pedagogy and didactics of mathematics. In the first part, the contributions of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and Ausubel's theory of meaningful learning are developed. In the second part, Bishop's mathematical enculturation and Paulo Freire's pedagogy are presented. And in the last part, Guy Brousseau's theory of didactical situations and Hans Freudenthal's realistic mathematics education are explained.
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Etnomatemáticas, Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza
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