Informe Jurídico sobre la Casación N°542-2017, Lambayeque
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2022-08-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El delito de Colusión, tipificado en el artículo 384° del Código Penal, en la actualidad, es uno de delitos
más comunes realizados por malos funcionarios públicos. A pesar de ello, no se ha logrado uniformizar
la interpretación respecto a algunos de sus elementos típicos. En esa línea, la Casación N° 542-2017,
Lambayeque, plantea diferentes posturas respecto a los elementos del delito de colusión, sin llegar
una decisión uniforme, la cual definitivamente incide en la resolución del caso.
En esa línea, a partir del análisis de la casación en mención se han identificado los siguientes
problemas: i) el bien jurídico en el delito de colusión, ii) ¿La colusión agravada requiere de un perjuicio
patrimonial para su configuración?, y iii) La naturaleza y denominación del primer y segundo párrafo
del delito de colusión en el Código Penal peruano (¿colusión simple y agravada o conspiración
colusoria y colusión desleal?).
Para la resolución de estos problemas, hemos diferenciado algunos de los elementos típicos de la
colusión simple y la colusión agravada. En ese sentido, se ha propuesto que el bien jurídico en el delito
de colusión sea i) la asignación eficiente de los recursos basados en los principios de imparcialidad,
transparencia, etc. y ii) la protección del patrimonio Estatal. Asimismo, hemos concluido que en el
delito de colusión agravada es necesario un perjuicio efectivo al patrimonio del Estado, para su
configuración y que los delitos conspirativos y de tendencia interna transcendente no son acorde a los
elementos objetivos que exige el delito de colusión
The crime of Collusion, typified in article 384° of the Penal Code, is currently one of the most common crimes carried out by bad public officials. Despite this, it has not been possible to standardize the interpretation regarding some of its typical elements. Along these lines, Cassation No. 542-2017, Lambayeque, raises different positions regarding the elements of the crime of collusion, without reaching a uniform decision, which definitely affects the resolution of the case. Along these lines, based on the analysis of the cassation in question, the following problems have been identified: i) the legal interest in the crime of collusion, ii) does aggravated collusion require patrimonial damage for its configuration?, and iii) The nature and denomination of the first and second paragraph of the crime of collusion in the Peruvian Penal Code (simple and aggravated collusion or collusive conspiracy and unfair collusion?). To solve these problems, we have differentiated some of the typical elements of simple collusion and aggravated collusion. In this sense, it has been proposed that the legal interest in the crime of collusion is i) the efficient protection of resources based on the principles of impartiality, transparency, etc. and ii) the protection of state assets. Likewise, we have concluded that in the crime of aggravated collusion, an effective damage to the patrimony of the State is necessary, for its configuration and that conspiracy crimes and crimes of transcendent internal tendency are not in accordance with the objective elements required by the crime of collusion.
The crime of Collusion, typified in article 384° of the Penal Code, is currently one of the most common crimes carried out by bad public officials. Despite this, it has not been possible to standardize the interpretation regarding some of its typical elements. Along these lines, Cassation No. 542-2017, Lambayeque, raises different positions regarding the elements of the crime of collusion, without reaching a uniform decision, which definitely affects the resolution of the case. Along these lines, based on the analysis of the cassation in question, the following problems have been identified: i) the legal interest in the crime of collusion, ii) does aggravated collusion require patrimonial damage for its configuration?, and iii) The nature and denomination of the first and second paragraph of the crime of collusion in the Peruvian Penal Code (simple and aggravated collusion or collusive conspiracy and unfair collusion?). To solve these problems, we have differentiated some of the typical elements of simple collusion and aggravated collusion. In this sense, it has been proposed that the legal interest in the crime of collusion is i) the efficient protection of resources based on the principles of impartiality, transparency, etc. and ii) the protection of state assets. Likewise, we have concluded that in the crime of aggravated collusion, an effective damage to the patrimony of the State is necessary, for its configuration and that conspiracy crimes and crimes of transcendent internal tendency are not in accordance with the objective elements required by the crime of collusion.
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Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Delitos de los funcionarios--Perú, Responsabilidad penal--Perú, Derecho penal--Perú
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