Las escrituras públicas imperfectas expedidas por los Jueces de Paz y su calificación en el ordenamiento registral peruano
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2023-05-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
En nuestro Código Civil, la calificación registral de documentos judiciales tienen
una connotación genérica, el cuerpo normativo actual expresamente hace
hincapié a la calificación de resoluciones judiciales, por lo tanto, es posible que
el Código al ser interpretado manifieste dentro de su articulado, solo la función
jurisdiccional que ejercen los Jueces dejando de lado la función notarial de
otorgar fe de los actos que los Jueces de Paz ejercen en centros poblados,
donde no existe un Notario por la poca cantidad de habitantes.
Los jueces de paz no solo expiden resoluciones judiciales, también expiden
contratos de naturaleza real con actos inscribibles denominadas escrituras
imperfectas, cuya base legal en principio se encuentra en el Código de
Procedimientos Civiles de 1912 derogada posteriormente por la Ley de Justicia
de Paz, ley 29824. Actualmente, los Jueces de Paz no pueden otorgar escrituras
imperfectas con actos inscribibles, sin embargo, todavía pueden otorgar
escrituras imperfectas de posesión hasta 50 URP. En esa línea de ideas, el Juez
de Paz tiene una dualidad, en el sentido que, ejerce una función jurisdiccional y
también una función notarial, el Código Civil omite la función notarial respecto a
la calificación en las escrituras imperfectas, por otro lado, de forma conexa La
Ley de Justicia de Paz y su reglamento reconocen tal función.
Las escrituras imperfectas para ser reguladas en sede registral, han sido parte
de un extenso análisis en cuatro precedentes vinculantes por parte del Tribunal
Registral cuyo rol ha ido más allá del que le compete, es decir, poco a poco ha
sesgado problemas jurídicos que cada escritura imperfecta conlleva, como por
ejemplo, verificar si la escritura imperfecta es un documento público o no, que
documentos adicionales se deberán solicitar para una mejor calificación todo ello
a fin de contrastar la validez del acto a inscribir. Finalmente, a la fecha la escritura
imperfecta se encuentra regulada por la Directiva 004-2015-SUNARP/SN que
reglamenta la calificación registral de una manera uniforme.
In our Civil Code, the registration classification of judicial documents has a generic connotation, the current normative body expressly emphasizes the qualification of judicial decisions, therefore, it is possible that the Code, when interpreted, manifests within its articles, only the jurisdictional function exercised by Judges, leaving aside the notarial function of attesting to the acts that Justices of the Peace exercise in population centers, where there is no Notary Public due to the small number of inhabitants. Justices of the peace not only issue judicial resolutions, they also issue contracts of a real nature with registrable acts called imperfect deeds, whose legal basis in principle is found in the Code of Civil Procedures of 1912 later repealed by the Law of Justice of the Peace, law 29824 Currently, Justices of the Peace cannot grant imperfect deeds with registrable acts, however, they can still grant imperfect deeds of possession up to 50 URP. In this line of ideas, the Justice of the Peace has a duality, in the sense that he exercises a jurisdictional function and also a notarial function, the Civil Code omits the notarial function with respect to the qualification in imperfect deeds, on the other hand, of related form The Justice of the Peace Law and its regulations recognize such function. The imperfect deeds to be regulated at the registry headquarters, have been part of an extensive analysis in four binding precedents by the Registry Court whose role has gone beyond its competence, that is, little by little it has skewed legal problems that each deed Imperfect entails, for example, verifying whether the imperfect deed is a public document or not, what additional documents must be requested for a better qualification, all in order to verify the validity of the act to be registered. Finally, to date the imperfect deed is regulated by Directive 004- 2015-SUNARP/SN that regulates the registration qualification in a uniform manner.
In our Civil Code, the registration classification of judicial documents has a generic connotation, the current normative body expressly emphasizes the qualification of judicial decisions, therefore, it is possible that the Code, when interpreted, manifests within its articles, only the jurisdictional function exercised by Judges, leaving aside the notarial function of attesting to the acts that Justices of the Peace exercise in population centers, where there is no Notary Public due to the small number of inhabitants. Justices of the peace not only issue judicial resolutions, they also issue contracts of a real nature with registrable acts called imperfect deeds, whose legal basis in principle is found in the Code of Civil Procedures of 1912 later repealed by the Law of Justice of the Peace, law 29824 Currently, Justices of the Peace cannot grant imperfect deeds with registrable acts, however, they can still grant imperfect deeds of possession up to 50 URP. In this line of ideas, the Justice of the Peace has a duality, in the sense that he exercises a jurisdictional function and also a notarial function, the Civil Code omits the notarial function with respect to the qualification in imperfect deeds, on the other hand, of related form The Justice of the Peace Law and its regulations recognize such function. The imperfect deeds to be regulated at the registry headquarters, have been part of an extensive analysis in four binding precedents by the Registry Court whose role has gone beyond its competence, that is, little by little it has skewed legal problems that each deed Imperfect entails, for example, verifying whether the imperfect deed is a public document or not, what additional documents must be requested for a better qualification, all in order to verify the validity of the act to be registered. Finally, to date the imperfect deed is regulated by Directive 004- 2015-SUNARP/SN that regulates the registration qualification in a uniform manner.
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Escrituras públicas--Perú, Jueces de paz--Perú, Derecho registral--Legislación--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
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