Calidad en el sector Financiero-Banca del Perú
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Date
2021-01-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La globalización en que vive y desenvuelve la sociedad ha permitido que estas tengan
acceso a más información y conocimiento, gocen de mayores beneficios en todo nivel y sean
más críticas en cuanto a la calidad de los productos y servicios que se les brinda (De
Cárdenas & Jiménez ,2007). Asimismo, el sector financiero peruano también se ha visto
impactado por consumidores que han actualizado e incrementado sus expectativas y
requerimientos a la hora de realizar algún tipo de transacción (Lizarzaburu, 2016). En ese
sentido, la importancia de la investigación radica en conocer el nivel de calidad en las
empresas del sector financiero en una coyuntura de crisis sanitaria; y explicar si existe
diferencias significativas entre las empresas que cuentan con ISO 9001 y aquellas que no.
La investigación es de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Descriptivo dado que se
recolecta, procesa y presenta información sobre el nivel de calidad en las empresas del sector
financiero; y explicativo porque se analiza, discute y sustenta si existe correlación entre el
nivel de calidad y la presencia de la certificación ISO 9001. El enfoque de la investigación es
cuantitativo y el diseño es transeccional; debido a que se recolectó la información sin
manipular ninguna variable y en un momento único.
El instrumento utilizado es un cuestionario TQM diseñado por Benzaquen (2013) en
función a los nueve elementos que menciona su investigación: (a) Liderazgo, (b)
Planeamiento de la Calidad, (c) Auditoría y Evaluación de la Calidad, (d) Diseño de
Productos, (e) Gestión de la Calidad de los Proveedores, (f) Control y Mejoramiento de
Procesos, (g) Educación y Entrenamiento, (h) Círculos de Calidad y (i) Enfoque hacia la
Satisfacción del Cliente. Adicionalmente se utilizó un cuestionario de 20 preguntas para
conocer el nivel de preparación para afrontar la crisis del COVID-19. La población
seleccionada fueron las 16 instituciones de los subsectores banca múltiple y banca estatal; los
cuales representan el 90% del total de activos del sector financiero. Se concluye que para el sector de banca múltiple y estatal existe diferencia
significativa entre las empresas que cuentan con SGC y las que no, en cuatro factores; los
cuales son: Liderazgo (X1), Planeamiento de la calidad (X2), Gestión de la calidad del
proveedor (X5) y Educación y entrenamiento (X7). Esta ventaja se atribuye a que la
acreditación de la ISO 9001:2015 tiene requisitos directamente relacionados a estos factores
que no son necesariamente regulatorios para el sector. Por el lado contrario, se observa que
no hay diferencia significativa para cinco de los factores; los cuales son: Auditoría y
evaluación de la calidad (X3), Diseño de producto (X4), Control y mejoramiento de proceso
(X6), Círculo de calidad (X8) y Enfoque hacia la satisfacción del cliente (X9). La paridad de
los resultados en estos factores se atribuye principalmente a dos motivos: (a) son aspectos
evaluados y supervisados también por el ente regulador del sector financiero, SBS y (b)
dentro del sector, las iniciativas de transformación digital e inclusión financiera están en
crecimiento, lo cual impulsa a todas las entidades a hacer más eficientes sus procesos y
reforzar su enfoque hacia el cliente.
The globalization in which society lives and develops has allowed them to have access to more information and knowledge, enjoy greater benefits at all levels and be more critical in terms of the quality of the products and services that are offered to them (De Cárdenas & Jiménez, 2007). Likewise, the Peruvian financial sector has also been impacted by consumers who have updated and increased their expectations and requirements when carrying out some type of transaction (Lizarzaburu, 2016). In that sense, the importance of research lies in knowing the level of quality in companies in the financial sector in a situation of health crisis; and explain if there are significant differences between companies that have QMS with ISO 9001 and those that have their own systems. The research is descriptive and explanatory. Descriptive given that information is collected, processed and presented on the level of quality in companies in the financial sector; and explanatory because it is analyzed, discussed and supported if there is a correlation between the level of quality and the presence of the ISO 9001 certification. The focus of the research is quantitative and the design is transectional; because the information was collected without manipulating any variable and in a single moment. The instrument used is a TQM questionnaire designed by Benzaquen (2013) based on the nine elements mentioned in his research: Leadership (X1), (b) Quality Planning, (c) Quality Audit and Evaluation, (d) )) Product Design, (e) Supplier Quality Management, (f) Process Control and Improvement, (g) Education and Training, (h) Quality Circles and (i) Focus on Customer Satisfaction. In addition, a questionnaire of 20 questions was asked to know the level of preparation to face the COVID-19 crisis. The selected population were the 16 institutions of the multiple banking and state banking subsectors; which represent 90% of the total assets of the financial sector. It is concluded that for the multiple and state banking sector there is a significant difference between the companies that have a QMS and those that do not, in four factors; which are: Leadership (X1), Quality Planning (X2), Supplier Quality Management (X5) and Education and Training (X7). This advantage is attributed to the fact that the accreditation of ISO 9001: 2015 has requirements directly related to these factors that are not necessarily regulatory for the sector. On the contrary, it is observed that there is no significant difference for five of the factors; which are: Quality audit and evaluation (X3), Product design (X4), Process control and improvement (X6), Quality circle (X8) and Focus on customer satisfaction (X9). The parity of the results in these factors is mainly attributed to two reasons: (a) they are aspects evaluated and supervised also by the financial sector regulator, SBS and (b) within the sector, the digital transformation and financial inclusion initiatives are in growth, which encourages all entities to streamline their processes and strengthen their focus on the customer.
The globalization in which society lives and develops has allowed them to have access to more information and knowledge, enjoy greater benefits at all levels and be more critical in terms of the quality of the products and services that are offered to them (De Cárdenas & Jiménez, 2007). Likewise, the Peruvian financial sector has also been impacted by consumers who have updated and increased their expectations and requirements when carrying out some type of transaction (Lizarzaburu, 2016). In that sense, the importance of research lies in knowing the level of quality in companies in the financial sector in a situation of health crisis; and explain if there are significant differences between companies that have QMS with ISO 9001 and those that have their own systems. The research is descriptive and explanatory. Descriptive given that information is collected, processed and presented on the level of quality in companies in the financial sector; and explanatory because it is analyzed, discussed and supported if there is a correlation between the level of quality and the presence of the ISO 9001 certification. The focus of the research is quantitative and the design is transectional; because the information was collected without manipulating any variable and in a single moment. The instrument used is a TQM questionnaire designed by Benzaquen (2013) based on the nine elements mentioned in his research: Leadership (X1), (b) Quality Planning, (c) Quality Audit and Evaluation, (d) )) Product Design, (e) Supplier Quality Management, (f) Process Control and Improvement, (g) Education and Training, (h) Quality Circles and (i) Focus on Customer Satisfaction. In addition, a questionnaire of 20 questions was asked to know the level of preparation to face the COVID-19 crisis. The selected population were the 16 institutions of the multiple banking and state banking subsectors; which represent 90% of the total assets of the financial sector. It is concluded that for the multiple and state banking sector there is a significant difference between the companies that have a QMS and those that do not, in four factors; which are: Leadership (X1), Quality Planning (X2), Supplier Quality Management (X5) and Education and Training (X7). This advantage is attributed to the fact that the accreditation of ISO 9001: 2015 has requirements directly related to these factors that are not necessarily regulatory for the sector. On the contrary, it is observed that there is no significant difference for five of the factors; which are: Quality audit and evaluation (X3), Product design (X4), Process control and improvement (X6), Quality circle (X8) and Focus on customer satisfaction (X9). The parity of the results in these factors is mainly attributed to two reasons: (a) they are aspects evaluated and supervised also by the financial sector regulator, SBS and (b) within the sector, the digital transformation and financial inclusion initiatives are in growth, which encourages all entities to streamline their processes and strengthen their focus on the customer.
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Instituciones financieras--Perú, Calidad total, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)--Prevención
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