Evaluación del factor de modificación de respuesta R para estructuras de concreto armado de periodos cortos a partir de un conjunto de registros sísmicos peruanos
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2024-07-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Con el objetivo de aprovechar eficientemente las propiedades constitutivas de los
materiales como el concreto armado, y por razones económicas, la filosofía contemporánea
de diseño sismorresistente permite el incursionamiento en el rango inelástico de los sistemas
estructurales sometidos a eventos sísmicos severos. Claramente estas incursiones inelásticas
representadas en deformaciones importantes deben ser controladas para evitar el colapso.
Esto último se logra utilizando adecuados valores del factor de modificación de respuesta R
(en adelante, factor R), el cual es capaz de relacionar la resistencia lateral elástica, respecto
a la resistencia lateral inelástica asociada a la capacidad dúctil objetivo del sistema
estructural.
Diversos estudios han mostrado su preocupación e interés en torno a la evaluación y
aplicabilidad del factor R, demostrando su dependencia con una de una serie de variables
como el periodo de vibración T , la ductilidad objetivo por desplazamiento lateral u , el
comportamiento inelástico, entre otros. Sin embargo, a pesar de contar con metodologías de
diseño sísmico más elaboradas, y haberse evidenciado en escenarios post evento sísmico las
diferencias sustanciales entre las respuestas de los modelos matemáticos con respecto a lo
observado en la realidad, se continúa utilizando valores del factor R empíricos e
independientes. Por ende, es clara la necesidad de realizar estudios puntuales en torno al uso
adecuado del factor R que garantice diseños sísmicos más racionales y transparentes.
Considerando lo anterior, el presente estudio muestra los resultados de la evaluación
paramétrica del factor R variando sus parámetros influyentes como son T, u, el
comportamiento no lineal del material, la razón de amortiguamiento crítico, y la condición
de sitio. Para este fin se utilizaron sistemas dinámicos discretos de uno y dos grados de
libertad sometidos a acciones sísmicas Uni- y Bi-Direccionales, respectivamente. Especial
atención se brindó a los sistemas de periodos de vibración cortos, por presentar mayor
subestimación y variabilidad de la posible demanda sísmica de desplazamientos laterales
debido a movimientos sísmicos cercanos o iguales a los de diseño. De los resultados se
observó que el factor R está fuertemente influenciado por T, u, la condición de sitio, el
comportamiento no lineal del material, y el tipo de excitación sísmica; validándose lo
reportado por otros investigadores. Finalmente, se realizó la propuesta de expresiones
simplificadas para la estimación del factor R, considerando además el efecto de disipación
de energía en ciclos bajos mediante la obtención de índices de daño de Park-Ang.
To efficiently take advantage of the constitutive properties of materials such as reinforced concrete, and for economic reasons, the contemporary philosophy of seismic design allows the inelastic behavior of structural systems subjected to severe seismic events. These inelastic incursions represented in significant deformations must be controlled to avoid collapse. The latter is achieved using appropriate values of the response modification factor R. Which can relate the elastic lateral strength, to the inelastic lateral strength associated with the target displacement ductility capacity of the structural system. Most studies have shown their concern and interest regarding the applicability of the response modification factor R, concluding its dependence on variables such as the period T, the target displacement ductility ratio u, the inelastic behavior, among others. However, despite having more elaborate seismic design methodologies, and having demonstrated in post-seismic event scenarios the substantial differences between the responses of the mathematical models concerning what is observed, empirical and independent values of the response modification factor R continue to be used. Therefore, the need to carry out specific studies regarding the use of appropriate values of the response modification factor R that guarantee more rational and transparent seismic designs is clear. Considering the above, the present study shows the results of the parametric evaluation of the response modification factor R varying its influential parameters such as T, u, the nonlinear material behavior, the critical damping ratio, and the site condition. For this purpose, discrete dynamic systems with one and two degrees of freedom subjected to Uni- and Bi-Directional seismic excitations, respectively, were used. Special attention was given to systems located in the short-period range, because of the greatest underestimation and variability of the possible seismic demand for lateral displacements due to seismic excitations close to or equal to the seismic design. From the results, it was observed that the response modification factor R is strongly influenced by T, u, the site condition, the nonlinear material behavior, and the type of seismic excitation; validating what was reported by other researchers. Finally, the proposal of simplified expressions was made for the estimation of the response modification factor R, also considering the effect of low-cycle fatigue by obtaining Park-Ang damage indices.
To efficiently take advantage of the constitutive properties of materials such as reinforced concrete, and for economic reasons, the contemporary philosophy of seismic design allows the inelastic behavior of structural systems subjected to severe seismic events. These inelastic incursions represented in significant deformations must be controlled to avoid collapse. The latter is achieved using appropriate values of the response modification factor R. Which can relate the elastic lateral strength, to the inelastic lateral strength associated with the target displacement ductility capacity of the structural system. Most studies have shown their concern and interest regarding the applicability of the response modification factor R, concluding its dependence on variables such as the period T, the target displacement ductility ratio u, the inelastic behavior, among others. However, despite having more elaborate seismic design methodologies, and having demonstrated in post-seismic event scenarios the substantial differences between the responses of the mathematical models concerning what is observed, empirical and independent values of the response modification factor R continue to be used. Therefore, the need to carry out specific studies regarding the use of appropriate values of the response modification factor R that guarantee more rational and transparent seismic designs is clear. Considering the above, the present study shows the results of the parametric evaluation of the response modification factor R varying its influential parameters such as T, u, the nonlinear material behavior, the critical damping ratio, and the site condition. For this purpose, discrete dynamic systems with one and two degrees of freedom subjected to Uni- and Bi-Directional seismic excitations, respectively, were used. Special attention was given to systems located in the short-period range, because of the greatest underestimation and variability of the possible seismic demand for lateral displacements due to seismic excitations close to or equal to the seismic design. From the results, it was observed that the response modification factor R is strongly influenced by T, u, the site condition, the nonlinear material behavior, and the type of seismic excitation; validating what was reported by other researchers. Finally, the proposal of simplified expressions was made for the estimation of the response modification factor R, also considering the effect of low-cycle fatigue by obtaining Park-Ang damage indices.
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Palabras clave
Concreto armado--Análisis de estructuras--Perú, Concreto armado--Diseño y construcción--Perú, Construcción antisísmica--Evaluación
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