Participación juvenil de jóvenes acogidos en centros de atención residencial en Lima y Cusco
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2018-03-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La participación juvenil es un elemento clave para la vida democrática. La responsabilidad del
Estado en esta tarea puede verse afectada en situaciones de extremo riesgo de niñas, niños y
adolescentes, por políticas asistencialistas. Este estudio explora la participación juvenil con un
grupo de 7 jóvenes varones y mujeres que durante su infancia sufrieron situación de abandono
y residieron hasta su adolescencia en Centros de Atención Residencial (CAR). Los
participantes residieron en dos CAR, situados en Lima y Cusco. Los resultados muestran que el
trato institucionalizado durante su infancia limitó las expresiones de su individualidad; y
durante la adolescencia, los espacios ofrecidos para la expresión de sus opiniones no tuvieron
un impacto transformador. El grupo de Cusco fue más crítico que el grupo de Lima,
particularmente hacia el rol de la “Madre sustituta”. A partir de estos resultados, se establece
que las experiencias de participación ofrecidas en los CAR habrían alcanzado un nivel que
oscila entre la información y la consulta. Actualmente, los jóvenes entrevistados participan de
espacios como la iglesia, valorando la compañía, el soporte emocional y la pertenencia. Los
aspectos transformadores de la participación desde la organización no estuvieron presentes en
el discurso de los jóvenes, aun cuando algunos ocupan cargos de liderazgo. Se concluye que el
grupo participante transita de niños y niñas en riesgo a jóvenes anónimos; por lo que se
recomienda profundizar el análisis de este tipo de políticas en relación con el desarrollo de la
participación juvenil e incorporar el enfoque comunitario en este tipo de servicios.
Youth participation is a key element for democratic life. The responsibility of the State in this task could be affected in situations of extreme risk of children and adolescents by welfare policies. This study explores the youth participation with a group of seven young men and women who during their childhood suffered a situation of abandonment and resided until their adolescence in Residential Care Centers (CAR). Participants resided in two CARs, located in Lima and Cusco. The results show that the institutionalized treatment during his childhood limited the expressions of his individuality; And during the adolescence, the spaces offered for the expression of their opinions did not have a transforming impact. The Cusco group was more critical than the Lima group, particularly towards the role of the "Substitute Mother". From these results, it is established that the experiences of participation offered in the RACs would have reached a level that oscillates between the information and the consultation. Currently, the young people interviewed participate in spaces such as the church, valuing the company, emotional support and belonging. The transformative aspects of participation from the organization were not present in the discourse of young people, even though some hold leadership positions. It is concluded that the participant group travels from children at risk to anonymous youths; so it is recommended to deepen the analysis of this type of policies in relation to the development of youth participation and incorporate the community approach in this type of services.
Youth participation is a key element for democratic life. The responsibility of the State in this task could be affected in situations of extreme risk of children and adolescents by welfare policies. This study explores the youth participation with a group of seven young men and women who during their childhood suffered a situation of abandonment and resided until their adolescence in Residential Care Centers (CAR). Participants resided in two CARs, located in Lima and Cusco. The results show that the institutionalized treatment during his childhood limited the expressions of his individuality; And during the adolescence, the spaces offered for the expression of their opinions did not have a transforming impact. The Cusco group was more critical than the Lima group, particularly towards the role of the "Substitute Mother". From these results, it is established that the experiences of participation offered in the RACs would have reached a level that oscillates between the information and the consultation. Currently, the young people interviewed participate in spaces such as the church, valuing the company, emotional support and belonging. The transformative aspects of participation from the organization were not present in the discourse of young people, even though some hold leadership positions. It is concluded that the participant group travels from children at risk to anonymous youths; so it is recommended to deepen the analysis of this type of policies in relation to the development of youth participation and incorporate the community approach in this type of services.
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Jóvenes--Actitudes, Psicología comunitaria
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