Motivaciones para realizar voluntariado en jóvenes universitarios
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2016-11-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El propósito del presente estudio fue explorar y describir las motivaciones para realizar
voluntariado en 12 hombres jóvenes universitarios entre los 20 y 23 años. Ellos
participaron en programas de voluntariado durante un mínimo de 6 meses. Esta
investigación se desarrolló con una metodología cualitativa, realizándose entrevistas
semiestructuradas. Los resultados se organizaron en tres áreas: significados y valoraciones
del voluntariado, motivaciones para realizar voluntariado y efectos del voluntariado. Se
identificaron tres motivaciones principales: ayudar al otro, establecer relaciones sociales y
obtener conocimientos y beneficios instrumentales. A partir de los testimonios se corrobora
que en la mayoría de voluntarios las motivaciones coexisten o son múltiples. Al inicio la
ayuda al otro, que constituye a una motivación heterocentrada, fue la más reportada y
consistente. Posteriormente cobra fuerza la motivación por obtener conocimientos y
beneficios instrumentales que corresponde a una motivación autocentrada. Sin embargo, en
el proceso la motivación heterocentrada no desaparece, sino que se suman las
autocentradas. Cuando las motivaciones son correspondidas en la experiencia de
voluntariado, los entrevistados refieren experimentar satisfacción y felicidad al ayudar al
otro, al percibir que tienen un grupo de amigos con los que comparten intereses y lazos
afectivos, así como al identificar que han desarrollado competencias y habilidades. En ese
sentido, se puede señalar que estos efectos positivos contribuyen al bienestar de los
voluntarios, y que éste puede constituirse en una nueva motivación orientada a volver a
vivenciar la satisfacción y felicidad antes experimentada favoreciendo el mantenimiento en
el voluntariado o involucrarse en nuevos programas.
The purpose of the current study was to explore and describe the motivations to do volunteer work in 12 young male college students. The participants aged between 20 and 23 years. They participated in volunteer programs in a sustained manner throughout a sixmonth period at the least. For this research, qualitative methodology was used; it was elaborated using semi-structured interviews. The results have been organized on three main areas: meanings and valuation of volunteer work, motivations to do volunteer work and effects derived of it. Three main motivations were identified: helping the other one, establishing social relations, and obtaining knowledge and instrumental benefits. The testimonies corroborate that, for the majority of the volunteers, the motivations coexist or are multiple. At the beginning, helping the other, which constitutes an other-focused motivation, was the most commonly reported and consistent motivation. Later, the motivation to gain knowledge and instrumental benefits, which is a self-focused motivation, gains strength. Nevertheless, during the process, the other-focused motivation doesn’t disappear, the self-focused ones are added. When the motivations match in the volunteer experience, the participants referred they experience satisfaction and happiness when they help another person, when they sense they have a group of friends with whom they share interests and affective ties, and when they identify that they have developed competences and skills. In that sense, it can be signaled that these positive effects contribute to the well-being of the volunteers, and that this can build into a new motivation oriented to live the satisfaction and happiness previously experienced in order to favor the continuation in the volunteer work or the involvement in new programs.
The purpose of the current study was to explore and describe the motivations to do volunteer work in 12 young male college students. The participants aged between 20 and 23 years. They participated in volunteer programs in a sustained manner throughout a sixmonth period at the least. For this research, qualitative methodology was used; it was elaborated using semi-structured interviews. The results have been organized on three main areas: meanings and valuation of volunteer work, motivations to do volunteer work and effects derived of it. Three main motivations were identified: helping the other one, establishing social relations, and obtaining knowledge and instrumental benefits. The testimonies corroborate that, for the majority of the volunteers, the motivations coexist or are multiple. At the beginning, helping the other, which constitutes an other-focused motivation, was the most commonly reported and consistent motivation. Later, the motivation to gain knowledge and instrumental benefits, which is a self-focused motivation, gains strength. Nevertheless, during the process, the other-focused motivation doesn’t disappear, the self-focused ones are added. When the motivations match in the volunteer experience, the participants referred they experience satisfaction and happiness when they help another person, when they sense they have a group of friends with whom they share interests and affective ties, and when they identify that they have developed competences and skills. In that sense, it can be signaled that these positive effects contribute to the well-being of the volunteers, and that this can build into a new motivation oriented to live the satisfaction and happiness previously experienced in order to favor the continuation in the volunteer work or the involvement in new programs.
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Voluntariado, Voluntarios, Bienestar, Motivación (Psicología), Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones
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