Determinantes que influyen sobre la intención de adaptarse de los agricultores ante el cambio climático. Caso de estudio Ecuador.
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Date
2019-08-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los agricultores se encuentran en un entorno muy riesgoso y complejo ante el cambio climático a partir de los cuales han sufrido graves pérdidas económicas. Con respecto a esto, se vuelve importante identificar los mecanismos asociados a prevenir o mitigar estos impactos, en particular establecer el grado de la intención a la adaptación y las variables involucradas que permitan lograr estos cambios. La intención a la adaptación ha sido investigada con respecto a factores demográficos y socioeconómicos, donde ha resultado que el crédito, acceso a la tierra, acceso a la información, entre otros, permiten explicar la toma de decisiones del agricultor. Mientras tanto, se ha dejado de lado y han sido poco investigados los procesos psicológicos acerca de la intención de adaptarse o no de los agricultores ante el cambio climático, de manera que la presente investigación busca determinar los factores que afectan la intención de adaptación basado en la teoría de la motivación y protección en vista de que incorpora variables psicológicas. Las variables analizadas en la investigación, que más adelante serán conocidas como constructos, son: percepción al riesgo, normas subjetivas, capacidad de adaptación y finalmente la intención a la adaptación. El tipo de investigación realizada fue de carácter descriptivo y correlacional además de utilizarse un enfoque cuantitativo, método analítico y deductivo, seguido por un diseño no experimental. La población fueron los pequeños agricultores y se consideró una muestra de 263 encuestas en la Costa y Sierra del Ecuador. En conclusión, los resultados fueron que la percepción del riesgo afecta dos veces más que las normas subjetivas en la intención a la adaptación, considerando que la variable capacidad de adaptación juega un rol importante como variable mediadora de la percepción del riesgo y normas subjetivas ante la intención de la adaptación; además la presente investigación permitió dar una mayor generalidad a resultados encontrados por otros investigadores en otros contextos, que no incluyen el contexto investigado.
Nowadays, farmers are in a very risky and complex environment in the face of climate changes, from which they have suffered serious economic losses. Taking this into account, it becomes important to identify the mechanisms associated with preventing or mitigating these impacts, particularly, establishing the degree of intent to adapt and the variables involved that allow these changes to be achieved. The intent to adapt has been investigated regarding demographic and socioeconomic factors, where it has turned out that credit, access to land, access to information, among others, allow explaining the farmer’s decision making. Meanwhile, psychological processes about the farmers’ intent to adapt or not to climate changes have been neglected, and so the present research seeks to determine the factors that affect the intent to adapt based on the protection and motivation theory because it incorporates psychological variables. The variables analyzed in the research, which will later be known as constructs, are: risk perception, subjective norms, ability to adapt and finally the intention to adapt. The type of research carried out was of a descriptive and correlational nature, in addition to using a quantitative approach, analytical and deductive method, followed by a non-experimental design. The population was small farmers and a sample of 263 surveys was considered in the Coast and Highlands of Ecuador. In conclusion, the results were that the risk perception affects twice as much as the subjective norms in the intent to adapt, considering that the variable ability to adapt plays an important role as a mediating variable of the risk perception and subjective norms to the intent to adapt; in addition, the present investigation allowed to give a greater generality to results found by other researchers in other contexts, which do not include the context investigated.
Nowadays, farmers are in a very risky and complex environment in the face of climate changes, from which they have suffered serious economic losses. Taking this into account, it becomes important to identify the mechanisms associated with preventing or mitigating these impacts, particularly, establishing the degree of intent to adapt and the variables involved that allow these changes to be achieved. The intent to adapt has been investigated regarding demographic and socioeconomic factors, where it has turned out that credit, access to land, access to information, among others, allow explaining the farmer’s decision making. Meanwhile, psychological processes about the farmers’ intent to adapt or not to climate changes have been neglected, and so the present research seeks to determine the factors that affect the intent to adapt based on the protection and motivation theory because it incorporates psychological variables. The variables analyzed in the research, which will later be known as constructs, are: risk perception, subjective norms, ability to adapt and finally the intention to adapt. The type of research carried out was of a descriptive and correlational nature, in addition to using a quantitative approach, analytical and deductive method, followed by a non-experimental design. The population was small farmers and a sample of 263 surveys was considered in the Coast and Highlands of Ecuador. In conclusion, the results were that the risk perception affects twice as much as the subjective norms in the intent to adapt, considering that the variable ability to adapt plays an important role as a mediating variable of the risk perception and subjective norms to the intent to adapt; in addition, the present investigation allowed to give a greater generality to results found by other researchers in other contexts, which do not include the context investigated.
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Keywords
Agricultura--Ecuador, Cambio climático--Ecuador, Investigación cuantitativa