Influencia de la composición química de arenas y cementos peruanos en el desempeño de aditivos plastificantes para concreto
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2018-10-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Los aditivos, presentes hace mucho tiempo en la tecnología de la construcción, pueden
transmitir excelentes propiedades físicas y químicas, teniendo la capacidad de poder ser
aplicados en muchos campos, para proporcionar nuevas funciones y características. Y esta es la
razón por la cual, los últimos desarrollos en el campo de la construcción, están asociados con la
evolución de estos aditivos, siendo necesarios para generar mezclas con alta resistencia a los
sulfatos, con un contenido de aire óptimo, entre otras propiedades; manteniendo sin embargo
hasta la actualidad como principal función, actuar como agente plastificante, dentro de las
mezclas de concreto, retardando la pérdida del slump y de la fragua inicial, a través de
complejas interacciones químicas.
Y es precisamente por este motivo, que cobra importancia esta investigación, titulada "Influencia
de la composición química en los cementos y agregados peruanos, en el rendimiento de los aditivos
plastificantes"; ya que de esta manera se puede saber, cómo las características de las principales
materias primas del concreto, pueden determinar el rendimiento de los aditivos plastificantes,
que se utilizan en ellas; ya que se podría pensar, que debido a sus marcadas
características químicas, estos aditivos siempre mostrarán el mismo comportamiento, previsto
por el fabri- cante; pero esta investigación demostrará, con los resultados de las pruebas
realizadas a estas mezclas, que éstas generalmente varían, incluso con mínimos cambios en la
composición del cemento y de los agregados (especialmente en las miles de partículas de
arena), que lo componen.
Respecto a las arenas, notamos claramente la influencia de su módulo de finura, y de su contenido
de arcillas (cuantificado por el método del azul de metileno), sobre el poder plastificante de
los aditivos, y en la resistencia que obtendrán los morteros diseñados con ellos; ya que a menor
M.F. y %Arcillas, el aditivo mostró una mayor intensidad plastificante dentro de los mor- teros,
logrando que estos se vuelvan más fluidos por mayor tiempo, y con mejores resistencias.
Respecto a los cementos, se pudo observar, que aquellos con menor contenido de Álcalis y de
Aluminato Tricálcico, maximizan el efecto de cada aditivo, ya que éstos presentaron una elevada
intensidad plastificante en sus respectivos morteros; logrando que estos se vuelvan más fluidos
y por mayor tiempo, además de que en ellos se obtuvieron las mayores resistencias; notándose
claramente la influencia que presenta el tipo de cemento, en el comportamiento de los aditivos.
Y respecto a los aditivos, se pudo demostrar que el aditivo Naftalenosulfonato, es el que tiene
mayor poder plastificante inicial, en casi todos los casos, salvo algunas excepciones; y el aditivo
Policarboxilato en cambio, es el que mantiene por mayor tiempo su capacidad de mantener el
slump, siendo el único que mantuvo la fluidez y trabajabilidad de cada mortero, por más de 120’.
Finalmente, luego de un análisis puntual por cada combinación, se hizo un análisis global de todo
el Proyecto; obteniendo conclusiones lógicas, que se podrían aplicar a la vida real; verificando
especialmente lo voluble y sensible a los cambios que es el concreto, y más aún los aditivos.
The additives, present a long time ago in the construction technology, can transmit physical and chemical properties, having the capacity to be applied in many fields, to offer new functions and characteristics. And this is the reason why, the latest developments in the field of construction, are associated with the evolution of these additives, and are needed to generate, with the resistance to high resistance to sulfates, with an appropriate content, among other properties; maintaining the embargo to date as the main function, act as a plasticizing agent, within concrete mixtures, return to the loss of the settlement and the initial forge, through complex chemical interactions. Precisely for this reason, that this research becomes important, entitled "Influence of chemical com- position in Peruvian cements and aggregates, in the performance of plasticizers addicts"; since in this way it is possible to know, how the characteristics of the main raw materials of the concrete, can determine the performance of the plasticizing additives, which are used in them; It could already be thought that due to its marked chemical characteristics, these additives will always show the same behavior, foreseen by the manufacturer; but this research shows, with the results of the tests carried out on these mixtures, that it traditionally varies, even with changes in the composition of the cement and the aggregates (especially in the miles of sand), which compose it. Regarding the sands, we clearly noticed the influence of its modulus of fineness, and its content of clays, on the plasticizing power of the additives, and on the resistance that the mortars obtained with them; since at a lower M.F. and% Clays, the additive showed a greater plasticizing intensity within the parameters, achieving that these become more fluid for a longer time, and with better resistances. Regarding the cements, it could be observed that those with a lower content of Alkalis and Tricalcium Aluminate, maximize the effect of each additive, since they come with a great plasticizing intensity in their respective mortars; achieve that these become more fluid and longer, in addition to which they obtained the greatest resistance; The influence of the cement type on the behavior of the additives is clearly noted. And with regard to additives, it could be demonstrated that the additive is the one with the greatest initial plasticizing power, almost all cases, with some exceptions; and the additive Polycarboxylate in the change, is the time that maintains to maintain the volume, being the only one that maintains the fluidity and the workability of each mortar, for more than 120’. Finally, after a punctual analysis for each combination, a global analysis was made to do the Project; obtaining logical conclusions, which can be applied to real life; verifying especially the fickle and sensitive to the changes that is the concrete, and even more the additives.
The additives, present a long time ago in the construction technology, can transmit physical and chemical properties, having the capacity to be applied in many fields, to offer new functions and characteristics. And this is the reason why, the latest developments in the field of construction, are associated with the evolution of these additives, and are needed to generate, with the resistance to high resistance to sulfates, with an appropriate content, among other properties; maintaining the embargo to date as the main function, act as a plasticizing agent, within concrete mixtures, return to the loss of the settlement and the initial forge, through complex chemical interactions. Precisely for this reason, that this research becomes important, entitled "Influence of chemical com- position in Peruvian cements and aggregates, in the performance of plasticizers addicts"; since in this way it is possible to know, how the characteristics of the main raw materials of the concrete, can determine the performance of the plasticizing additives, which are used in them; It could already be thought that due to its marked chemical characteristics, these additives will always show the same behavior, foreseen by the manufacturer; but this research shows, with the results of the tests carried out on these mixtures, that it traditionally varies, even with changes in the composition of the cement and the aggregates (especially in the miles of sand), which compose it. Regarding the sands, we clearly noticed the influence of its modulus of fineness, and its content of clays, on the plasticizing power of the additives, and on the resistance that the mortars obtained with them; since at a lower M.F. and% Clays, the additive showed a greater plasticizing intensity within the parameters, achieving that these become more fluid for a longer time, and with better resistances. Regarding the cements, it could be observed that those with a lower content of Alkalis and Tricalcium Aluminate, maximize the effect of each additive, since they come with a great plasticizing intensity in their respective mortars; achieve that these become more fluid and longer, in addition to which they obtained the greatest resistance; The influence of the cement type on the behavior of the additives is clearly noted. And with regard to additives, it could be demonstrated that the additive is the one with the greatest initial plasticizing power, almost all cases, with some exceptions; and the additive Polycarboxylate in the change, is the time that maintains to maintain the volume, being the only one that maintains the fluidity and the workability of each mortar, for more than 120’. Finally, after a punctual analysis for each combination, a global analysis was made to do the Project; obtaining logical conclusions, which can be applied to real life; verifying especially the fickle and sensitive to the changes that is the concrete, and even more the additives.
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Concreto, Cemento, Arena, Análisis (Química)
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