Un paso adelante, dos pasos hacia atrás. Las relaciones de Estados Unidos con Cuba bajo los presidentes Obama y Trump
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2020-10-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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Desde el triunfo de Fidel Castro en Cuba en 1959, las relaciones de Estados Unios con la isla caribeña fueron caracterizadas durante más de medio siglo por una alta hostilidad y conflictividad. Eso cambió durante el segundo mandato de Barak Obama con una serie de medidas que parecieron señalar el despegue de una nueva época de cooperación entre ambos países. Esa estrategia de descongelamiento de las relaciones bilaterales terminó, sin embargo, con lavictoria electoral de Donald Trump y su estrategia favorita América first, que instrumentalizó de manera extrema la política externa para fines de la política interna. Para satisfacer a sus adherentes, entre ellos los cubanoamericanos en el Estado de Florida, Trump revertió paso por paso una gran parte de la política de apertura de su antecesor con efectos económicos negativos tanto para los cubanos como, aunque menos, para empresas y ciudadanos estadounidensesy empeoró sustancialmente la imagen de Estados Unidos y de su gobierno tanto en la región como en Europa. Un cambio generacional en la comunidad cubana en Miami, protestas de la Unión Europea y de ciertos sectores económicos en Estados Unidos despiertan por otra parte dudas si la política rígida de sanciones de la administración Trump sobreviva realmente a las próximas elecciones en Estados Unidos en 2020. Como conceptos analíticos nos sirven el neorealismo, el socialconstructivismo y el concepto intermestic polictics.
Since Fidel Castro’s triumph in Cuba in 1959, relations between the United States and the Caribbean island have been characterized by a high level of hostility and conflict for more than half a century. That changed during Barak Obama’s second term with a series of measures that seemed to signal the beginning of a new era of cooperation between the two countries. This strategy of thawing bilateral relations ended, however, with the electoral victory of Donald Trump and his favourite strategy “America first”. In order to satisfy his supporters, among them the Cuban exiles in the state of Florida, Trump reversed step by step a large part of his predecessor’s policy of openness with negative economic effects both for Cubans and, although less so, for American companies and citizens, and substantially worsened the image of the United States and its government both in the region and in Europe. A generational change in the Cuban community in Miami, protests from the European Union and from certain economic sectors in EEUU have also raised doubts as to whether the Trump administration’s rigid policy of sanctions will really survive the next elections in the United States in 2020. From the analytical point of view, we use approaches from neo-realism, social-constructivism and intermestic poltics.
Since Fidel Castro’s triumph in Cuba in 1959, relations between the United States and the Caribbean island have been characterized by a high level of hostility and conflict for more than half a century. That changed during Barak Obama’s second term with a series of measures that seemed to signal the beginning of a new era of cooperation between the two countries. This strategy of thawing bilateral relations ended, however, with the electoral victory of Donald Trump and his favourite strategy “America first”. In order to satisfy his supporters, among them the Cuban exiles in the state of Florida, Trump reversed step by step a large part of his predecessor’s policy of openness with negative economic effects both for Cubans and, although less so, for American companies and citizens, and substantially worsened the image of the United States and its government both in the region and in Europe. A generational change in the Cuban community in Miami, protests from the European Union and from certain economic sectors in EEUU have also raised doubts as to whether the Trump administration’s rigid policy of sanctions will really survive the next elections in the United States in 2020. From the analytical point of view, we use approaches from neo-realism, social-constructivism and intermestic poltics.
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Relaciones EE. UU.–Cuba, Política de sanciones, Ley Helms Burton, América First, Cubanoamericanos, Doctrina Monroe, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)
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