Estimación del impacto económico del cambio climático en el dengue en el Perú
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2021-05-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A lo largo de los años ha existido un claro aumento en los niveles de distintas variables
climáticas que la humanidad se encuentra que influenciando el medio ambiente. Los
cambios mencionados en las variables climatológicas son denominado como Cambio
Climático, y está demostrado que no solo afecta directamente al medio ambiente, sino a la
vida diaria de las personas mediante distintos canales. Uno de estos canales es el aumento
de enfermedades infecciosas, en específico, aquellas transmitidas por insectos, como la
fiebre del dengue. En el Perú, la fiebre del dengue es una enfermedad que no recibe la
atención necesaria del caso. Existe evidencia que, a la semana epidemiológica 21 del año
2020, ya se superó los números de contagiados de todo el año 2019. El objetivo de esta
investigación es, en primer lugar, determinar los efectos del cambio climático en los casos
positivos de dengue; esto es, demostrar que el aumento de las variables meteorológicas
seleccionadas, temperatura, humedad y precipitación, suscitan un efecto positivo en la
prevalencia del dengue en el Perú. Así, utilizando un modelo de Datos de Panel, se espera
encontrar que la relación entre las condiciones climáticas y el número de pacientes
infectados con el dengue es positiva y significativa. Finalmente, con los hallazgos
encontrados, utilizamos el método de Valoración Contingente para obtener el impacto
económico del efecto del Cambio Climático en el dengue en el Perú hallando la disposición
máxima a pagar de las personas para evitar contagiarse de la fiebre del dengue. El ejercicio
propuesto es la creación de una institución que enfoque su trabajo en el mantenimiento y
limpieza de las zonas en las cuales el dengue se encuentra con mayor riesgo de
desarrollarse.
Throughout the years, there has been an increase in the levels of different climatological variables that suggest the existence of human factors that affect the environment. The variability in the climatic state is also known as Climate Change and it is proven that it not only affects the environment, but the daily life of the people through different methods. One of these methods is the rise of different types of infectious diseases, such as the dengue fever. The dengue fever is a disease that does not receive de adequate attention from peruvians. There is evidence that up until the 21th epidemiologic week of 2020 there has been more cases of dengue fever in the whole 2019. The objective of this study is, in first place, to determine the effects of Climate Change in the dengue mosquito, that is, show that the increase in the climate variables chosen, have a positive effect in the prevalence of the dengue fever in Peru. Therefore, using a Panel Data Model, we expect to find that the relation between the climate conditions, and the number of patients infected with the dengue fever is positive and relevant. Finally, with what we obtain from the previous exercise, we use the Contingent Valuation method to obtain the economic impact that the effect of the Climate Change in dengue has in the population, obtaining the people’s maximum willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid getting the disease. The proposal is to create an institution that focus its work in the maintenance and cleaning of the zones in which the dengue has a tendency to develop.
Throughout the years, there has been an increase in the levels of different climatological variables that suggest the existence of human factors that affect the environment. The variability in the climatic state is also known as Climate Change and it is proven that it not only affects the environment, but the daily life of the people through different methods. One of these methods is the rise of different types of infectious diseases, such as the dengue fever. The dengue fever is a disease that does not receive de adequate attention from peruvians. There is evidence that up until the 21th epidemiologic week of 2020 there has been more cases of dengue fever in the whole 2019. The objective of this study is, in first place, to determine the effects of Climate Change in the dengue mosquito, that is, show that the increase in the climate variables chosen, have a positive effect in the prevalence of the dengue fever in Peru. Therefore, using a Panel Data Model, we expect to find that the relation between the climate conditions, and the number of patients infected with the dengue fever is positive and relevant. Finally, with what we obtain from the previous exercise, we use the Contingent Valuation method to obtain the economic impact that the effect of the Climate Change in dengue has in the population, obtaining the people’s maximum willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid getting the disease. The proposal is to create an institution that focus its work in the maintenance and cleaning of the zones in which the dengue has a tendency to develop.
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Enfermedades virales--Aspectos económicos--Perú, Salud pública--Aspectos económicos--Perú, Cambios climáticos--Política gubernamental--Perú, Cambios climáticos--Aspectos económicos--Perú
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