Análisis de la Resolución Nº424-2023-OEFA/TFA-SE
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La subsanación voluntaria como eximente de responsabilidad ha sido objeto de
amplios debates desde su incorporación en la regulación ambiental,
especialmente en función de la posibilidad determinación de infracciones
insubsanables. En la Resolución N°424-2023-OEFA/TFA-SE, el Tribunal de
Fiscalización Ambiental (TFA) analiza la aplicación de esta figura en el
procedimiento administrativo sancionador (PAS) contra Activos Mineros S.A.C.
(AMSAC), por el incumplimiento del cierre de la trinchera PA07 en la Ex Unidad
Minera La Pastora, conforme a sus instrumentos de gestión ambiental. Por su
parte, AMSAC alegó haber realizado el cierre antes del inicio del PAS por lo que
solicitó que se revoque la declaración de responsabilidad y la sanción interpuesta
por la Dirección de Fiscalización y Aplicación de Incentivos (DFAI).
Para el análisis de la aplicación de la subsanación voluntaria se plantean tres
cuestionamientos: (i) cuáles son los alcances de la obligación ambiental
incumplida por AMSAC en la remediación de pasivos ambientales mineros; (ii)
cómo deben ser entendidas las clasificaciones de las infracciones para
determinar la aplicación de la subsanación voluntaria; y (iii) cómo debería ser
aplicada la figura de la subsanación voluntaria en el presente caso por el Tribunal
de Fiscalización Ambiental.
De esta manera, se hace un análisis del razonamiento del TFA para dilucidar los
puntos de acierto en la aplicación de esta figura y los puntos con los que me
encuentro en desacuerdo que son desarrollados para sustentar porqué el TFA
debió considerarla como atenuante en la calificación de la infracción.
The voluntary cure as an exoneration of liability has been the subject of a wide debate since its incorporation into environmental regulations, especially regarding the possibility of determining irremediable infractions. In Resolution N°424-2023-OEFA/TFA-SE, the (TFA) analyzes the application of this figure in the administrative sanctioning procedure (PAS) followed against Activos Mineros S.A.C. (AMSAC), for failure to close ditch PA07 at the Ex Unidad Minera La Pastora, according to its environmental management instruments. AMSAC claimed to have closed the ditch before the start of the PAS and requested the revocation of the declaration of responsibility and the sanction imposed by the DFAI. For the analysis of the application of voluntary remediation, three questions are raised: (i) what is the scope of the environmental obligation breached by AMSAC in the remediation of environmental mining liabilities; (ii) how should the classifications of violations be understood to determine the application of voluntary remediation; and (iii) how should the figure of voluntary remediation be applied in this case by the TFA. In this way, an analysis of the reasoning of the TFA is made to elucidate the points of success in the application of this figure and the points with which I disagree, which are developed to support why the TFA should have considered it as a mitigating factor in the classification of the infraction.
The voluntary cure as an exoneration of liability has been the subject of a wide debate since its incorporation into environmental regulations, especially regarding the possibility of determining irremediable infractions. In Resolution N°424-2023-OEFA/TFA-SE, the (TFA) analyzes the application of this figure in the administrative sanctioning procedure (PAS) followed against Activos Mineros S.A.C. (AMSAC), for failure to close ditch PA07 at the Ex Unidad Minera La Pastora, according to its environmental management instruments. AMSAC claimed to have closed the ditch before the start of the PAS and requested the revocation of the declaration of responsibility and the sanction imposed by the DFAI. For the analysis of the application of voluntary remediation, three questions are raised: (i) what is the scope of the environmental obligation breached by AMSAC in the remediation of environmental mining liabilities; (ii) how should the classifications of violations be understood to determine the application of voluntary remediation; and (iii) how should the figure of voluntary remediation be applied in this case by the TFA. In this way, an analysis of the reasoning of the TFA is made to elucidate the points of success in the application of this figure and the points with which I disagree, which are developed to support why the TFA should have considered it as a mitigating factor in the classification of the infraction.
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Derecho administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Legislación--Perú, Responsabilidad administrativa--Legislación--Perú, Perú. Tribunal de Fiscalización Ambiental--Jurisprudencia
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