La conveniencia de aplicar un enfoque responsivo para el cumplimiento de obligaciones en materia de servicios públicos de telecomunicaciones
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2018-01-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación identifica que la estrategia dominante para el cumplimiento de las normas (Enforcement) aplicada por el organismo regulador de las telecomunicaciones del Perú (OSIPTEL) es la disuasiva (Deterrent approach), estrategia que tiene como principal proposición que el castigo es lo más efectivo para lograr un cambio de conducta del infractor. En este contexto es que nos preguntamos si cabe la posibilidad de optar por estrategias conjuntas (sin dejar de lado el ejercicio de la potestad sancionadora del regulador cuando corresponda) que permita la apertura del Regulador a solucionar los incumplimientos desde un esquema gradual, partiendo desde una posición persuasiva para que cuando sea necesario ejercer el poder punitivo, se ejerza fuertemente, aunque sólo en los casos en que se hayan sido vencido otros mecanismos de entendimiento. Consideramos en esa línea que lo importante no es tener una cantidad elevada de supervisiones que deriven en expedientes de sanción, sino que los expedientes que existan sean de gran impacto para la sociedad y el mercado de las telecomunicaciones. La causa es que no debe perderse de vista la relevancia de resolver oportunamente un caso en materia de
servicios públicos. Entiéndase resolver no como sinónimo de sancionar, sino como sinónimo de reparar, corregir o regenerar. Si el único camino que se tiene es el de sancionar, entonces es mejor, a nuestro entender, fijarse en aquellos procesos en los cuales se cuente con la mayor cantidad de pruebas (certeza indubitable, si se quiere), generada principalmente a partir de investigaciones minuciosas y sistemáticas, y aquellas nacidas del estilo de los juegos repetidos; y que generen un gran impacto en la industria. Desde nuestro punto de vista, a través de la aplicación de una Regulación Responsiva (Responsive Regulation), el Regulador puede alcanzar eficiencia en términos económicos (ahorro en el inicio de procedimientos administrativos sancionadores), eficacia en cuanto al cumplimiento de las
obligaciones a las que se sujetan las empresas operadoras (en lo sucesivo, Agentes Regulados) dentro de un contexto oportuno (los problemas que afectan el servicio público se solucionan en el menor tiempo posible); de este modo el Regulador se enfoca en que el Agente Regulado asegure la provisión de los servicios brindados dentro de los términos en que se encuentra obligado, en un tiempo esperado,
otorgando un conjunto de oportunidades graduales al agente presuntamente infractor de modo que corrija, resarza o remedie su incumplimiento, ello, aplicando las vigentes reglas del Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General y las normas vigentes del sector. Para ello se propone una pirámide que inicia con la implementación de mecanismos persuasivos, como mesas de diálogo y transacciones, y culmina, en el vértice, con el retiro de la concesión o la disminución de años en su renovación, según sea el caso. Asimismo, se propone una pirámide inversa, en donde cada conducta positiva de la empresa, le otorga ventajas regulatorias en el mercado de las telecomunicaciones.
This research identifies that the dominant Enforcement strategy applied by the Peruvian Telecommunications Regulatory Agency (OSIPTEL) is deterrent (Deterrent approach), a strategy that has as its main characteristic that punishment is the most effective way to achieve a change of the offender’s behavior. In this context, the stitches fit into the possibility of opting for strategies (without neglecting the exercise of the regulator's sanitary energy when appropriate) that allow the opening of the regulator that solves noncompliance from a gradual scheme, starting from A persuasive position so that when it is necessary to exercise punitive power, it is strongly exercised, but only in cases where other mechanisms of understanding have been overcome. We consider in this line that the important thing is not to have a high amount of supervisions that result in sanction records, but that the existing files are of great impact for the society and the market of the telecommunications. The reason is that the importance of timely resolving a case regarding public services should not be lost sight of. Understand resolving not as a synonym for sanction, but as synonymous to repair, correct or regenerate. If the only way we have is to sanction, and it is better, in our opinion, focus on the processes in which we have the most evidence (undoubted certainty, if you will), generated mainly from research minutiae and systematic, and those born in the style of repeated games; And that will have a big impact on the industry. From our point of view, through the application of a Responsive Regulation, the Regulator can achieve efficiency in economic terms, the efficiency in the fulfillment of the obligations to which the operating companies are subjected in a timely context (the problem which affect the public service are solved in the shortest possible time); Thus, the Regulator focuses on ensuring that the Regulated Agent ensures the provision of the services provided within the terms in which it is obliged, in an expected time, to grant a set of gradual opportunities to the alleged offending agent in order to correct, compensate Or remedy its noncompliance, applying the current rules of the Single Ordered Text of the General Administrative Procedure Law and the current rules of the sector. To this end, a pyramid is proposed that begins with the implementation of persuasive mechanisms, such as tables of dialogues and transactions, and culminates, at the apex, with the withdrawal of the concession or the reduction of the years in its renewal, according to the case of the sea. Also, it is an investment company, where every positive conduct of the company, granting regulatory advantages in the telecommunications market.
This research identifies that the dominant Enforcement strategy applied by the Peruvian Telecommunications Regulatory Agency (OSIPTEL) is deterrent (Deterrent approach), a strategy that has as its main characteristic that punishment is the most effective way to achieve a change of the offender’s behavior. In this context, the stitches fit into the possibility of opting for strategies (without neglecting the exercise of the regulator's sanitary energy when appropriate) that allow the opening of the regulator that solves noncompliance from a gradual scheme, starting from A persuasive position so that when it is necessary to exercise punitive power, it is strongly exercised, but only in cases where other mechanisms of understanding have been overcome. We consider in this line that the important thing is not to have a high amount of supervisions that result in sanction records, but that the existing files are of great impact for the society and the market of the telecommunications. The reason is that the importance of timely resolving a case regarding public services should not be lost sight of. Understand resolving not as a synonym for sanction, but as synonymous to repair, correct or regenerate. If the only way we have is to sanction, and it is better, in our opinion, focus on the processes in which we have the most evidence (undoubted certainty, if you will), generated mainly from research minutiae and systematic, and those born in the style of repeated games; And that will have a big impact on the industry. From our point of view, through the application of a Responsive Regulation, the Regulator can achieve efficiency in economic terms, the efficiency in the fulfillment of the obligations to which the operating companies are subjected in a timely context (the problem which affect the public service are solved in the shortest possible time); Thus, the Regulator focuses on ensuring that the Regulated Agent ensures the provision of the services provided within the terms in which it is obliged, in an expected time, to grant a set of gradual opportunities to the alleged offending agent in order to correct, compensate Or remedy its noncompliance, applying the current rules of the Single Ordered Text of the General Administrative Procedure Law and the current rules of the sector. To this end, a pyramid is proposed that begins with the implementation of persuasive mechanisms, such as tables of dialogues and transactions, and culminates, at the apex, with the withdrawal of the concession or the reduction of the years in its renewal, according to the case of the sea. Also, it is an investment company, where every positive conduct of the company, granting regulatory advantages in the telecommunications market.
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Organismo Supervisor de Inversión Privada en Telecomunicaciones (Perú), Telecomunicaciones--Regulación--Perú, Servicios públicos--Perú
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