Efecto moderador de la composición de género de la organización en la relación entre status, legitimidad y género del líder
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Date
2019-05-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Datos mundiales muestran segregación ocupacional; es decir diferencias en las tasas de
participación laboral masculina y femenina en ciertos sectores del mercado de trabajo. La
segregación ocupacional podría activar estereotipos de género (Ridgeway & Correll, 2004) y
consecuentemente tener implicaciones en cómo hombres y mujeres líderes son percibidos
según la Composición de Género de la Organización (Ko, Kotrba, & Roebuck, 2015). El
Modelo Teórico Autoreforzante de Ilegitimidad, sostiene que ciertas características del
contexto organizacional podrían ser determinantes en la percepción de status y legitimidad de
los líderes (Vial, Napier, & Brescoll, 2016). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar
si la composición de género de la organización modera la relación entre el género del líder,
status y legitimidad. La muestra evaluada fue de 306 subordinados del área académica de las
Facultades y Carreras con dominio masculino y femenino según campo de estudio
(UNESCO, 2017). El estudio tuvo una perspectiva cuantitativa y fue desarrollado a partir de
métodos estadísticos multivariantes como análisis factorial confirmatorio, MANOVA y
regresión lineal mediante el procedimiento Probing an interaction y la macro PROCESS
(Preacher & Hayes, 2008). Los resultados revelaron que la Composición de Género de la
Organización no modera la relación entre Género y Status; y si modera la relación entre
Género y Legitimidad. Sin embargo, tal moderación se presentó en sentido inverso; es decir,
en las Facultades Masculinizadas los hombres obtienen menor valoración de Legitimidad en
comparación con las mujeres, mientras que en las Facultades Feminizadas los hombres tienen
mayor valoración de Legitimidad que las mujeres. Estos resultados difieren de los alcanzados
en estudios previos realizados en contextos norteamericanos.
Global data show occupational segregation; that is, differences in male and female labor participation rates in certain areas of the labor market. Occupational segregation could activate gender stereotypes (Ridgeway & Correll, 2004) and consequently to have implications on how men and women leaders are perceived according to the Gender Composition of the Organization (Ko, Kotrba, & Roebuck, 2015). The Self-reinforcing Theoretical Model of Illegitimacy maintains that certain features of the organizational context could be decisive in the perception of status and legitimacy of the leaders (Vial, Napier, & Brescoll, 2016). The aim of this study was to analyze if the gender composition of the organization moderates the relationship between the leader's gender, status and legitimacy. The sample evaluated was 306 subordinates of the academic area of the Faculties and Careers with male and female domain according to field of study (UNESCO, 2017). The study had a quantitative perspective and was developed from multivariate statistical methods such as confirmatory factor analysis, MANOVA and linear regression using the Probing an interaction procedure and the PROCESS macro (Preacher & Hayes, 2008). The results revealed that the Gender Composition of the Organization does not moderate the relationship between Gender and Status; and if it moderates the relationship between Gender and Legitimacy. However, such moderation was presented in the opposite direction; that is to say, in the Male Faculties, men obtain a lower valuation of Legitimacy in comparison with women, while in Female Faculties, men have a higher valuation of Legitimacy than women. These results differ from those achieved in previous studies conducted in North American contexts.
Global data show occupational segregation; that is, differences in male and female labor participation rates in certain areas of the labor market. Occupational segregation could activate gender stereotypes (Ridgeway & Correll, 2004) and consequently to have implications on how men and women leaders are perceived according to the Gender Composition of the Organization (Ko, Kotrba, & Roebuck, 2015). The Self-reinforcing Theoretical Model of Illegitimacy maintains that certain features of the organizational context could be decisive in the perception of status and legitimacy of the leaders (Vial, Napier, & Brescoll, 2016). The aim of this study was to analyze if the gender composition of the organization moderates the relationship between the leader's gender, status and legitimacy. The sample evaluated was 306 subordinates of the academic area of the Faculties and Careers with male and female domain according to field of study (UNESCO, 2017). The study had a quantitative perspective and was developed from multivariate statistical methods such as confirmatory factor analysis, MANOVA and linear regression using the Probing an interaction procedure and the PROCESS macro (Preacher & Hayes, 2008). The results revealed that the Gender Composition of the Organization does not moderate the relationship between Gender and Status; and if it moderates the relationship between Gender and Legitimacy. However, such moderation was presented in the opposite direction; that is to say, in the Male Faculties, men obtain a lower valuation of Legitimacy in comparison with women, while in Female Faculties, men have a higher valuation of Legitimacy than women. These results differ from those achieved in previous studies conducted in North American contexts.
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Keywords
Liderazgo, Aprendizaje organizacional