Neomedievalismo en la Lima del siglo XIX : la iglesia de los Sagrados Corazones Recoleta
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2021-10-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La importancia de estudiar la Iglesia de los Sagrados Corazones Recoleta de fines del XIX limeño radica
en el enorme potencial histórico, arquitectónico y artístico y la diversidad de estilos de su conjunto que
requiere una dedicación especial; asimismo, la importancia de investigarla desde la historia del arte se
justifica en el descubrimiento de documentos que complementan la historia de su presencia en la ciudad, y
enmiendan la ausencia de estudios articulados sobre ella.
Su complejidad constructiva e histórica relacionada con el medievalismo europeo y el historicismo
romántico nos hizo plantear la hipótesis de que La Recoleta es un símbolo de modernidad y de progreso en
una época de restauración política y social en el Perú; de que ha sido invisibilizada por las aparentes
“discordancias” de su conjunto arquitectónico, por salir de la crisis. Y se planteó, asimismo, que la
Congregación de los Sagrados Corazones tenía un lugar central en las decisiones constructivas y estilísticas
entorno al neomedievalismo.
El procedimiento para investigar fue contar una historia coherente de los hechos, articulando los datos para
recontextualizarlos en la historia material y coyuntural del templo: la historia material, decidida en el paso
del tiempo y los estilos barroco, neoclásico y neomedieval de diversas procedencias; la historia coyuntural,
asociada a la Reconstrucción Nacional, que emprendió el país con espíritu entusiasta y moderno, luego de
los conflictos del Pacífico y el de Cáceres e Iglesias, con graves consecuencias socioeconómicas; pero,
además, una historia asociada a las influencias estilísticas de Europa y los Estados Unidos, gracias a la
intervención de profesionales chilenos, especialmente un francés afincado en Chile y en la tradición
neomedievalista.
Un hallazgo importante es que el neomedievalismo chileno que llegó al Perú se mezcló inevitablemente
con la complejidad de nuestra historia: la iglesia barroca quemada, la confrontación política e ideológica
entre liberales y conservadores, el contexto convulsionado y marginal de guerra y ocupación. Una Iglesia
consecuencia lógica de lo que el Perú necesitaba y reclamaba tener, ejemplo arquitectónico moderno de
una ciudad que debía resucitar luego de la derrota.
The importance of studying the Church of the Sacred Hearts Recoleta from the late nineteenth century in Lima lies in the enormous historical, architectural and artistic potential and the diversity of styles of its set that requires a special dedication; Likewise, the importance of investigating it from the history of art is justified in the discovery of documents that complement the history of its presence in the city, and amend the absence of articulated studies on it. Its constructive and historical complexity related to European medievalism and romantic historicism made us hypothesize that La Recoleta is a symbol of modernity and progress in a time of political and social restoration in Peru; that has been made invisible by the apparent "inconsistencies" of its architectural complex to get out of the crisis. It was also argued that the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts had a central place in constructive and stylistic decisions around neo-medievalism. The procedure to investigate was telling a coherent history of the events, articulating the data to recontextualize them in the material and conjunctural history of the temple: the material history, decided in the passage of time and the baroque, neoclassical and neo-medieval styles of various origins; the conjunctural history, associated with the National Reconstruction, which the country undertook with an enthusiastic and modern spirit, after the conflicts in the Pacific and that of Cáceres and Iglesias, with serious socioeconomic consequences; but, in addition, a story associated with the stylistic influences of Europe and the United States, thanks to the intervention of Chilean professionals, especially a Frenchman living in Chile and in the neo-medievalist tradition. An important finding is that the Chilean neo-medievalism that arrived in Peru inevitably mixed with the complexity of our history: the burned baroque church, the political and ideological confrontation between liberals and conservatives, and the convulsed and marginal context of war and occupation. A Church as the logical consequence of what Peru needed and claimed to have, a modern architectural example of a city that had to resurrect after defeat.
The importance of studying the Church of the Sacred Hearts Recoleta from the late nineteenth century in Lima lies in the enormous historical, architectural and artistic potential and the diversity of styles of its set that requires a special dedication; Likewise, the importance of investigating it from the history of art is justified in the discovery of documents that complement the history of its presence in the city, and amend the absence of articulated studies on it. Its constructive and historical complexity related to European medievalism and romantic historicism made us hypothesize that La Recoleta is a symbol of modernity and progress in a time of political and social restoration in Peru; that has been made invisible by the apparent "inconsistencies" of its architectural complex to get out of the crisis. It was also argued that the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts had a central place in constructive and stylistic decisions around neo-medievalism. The procedure to investigate was telling a coherent history of the events, articulating the data to recontextualize them in the material and conjunctural history of the temple: the material history, decided in the passage of time and the baroque, neoclassical and neo-medieval styles of various origins; the conjunctural history, associated with the National Reconstruction, which the country undertook with an enthusiastic and modern spirit, after the conflicts in the Pacific and that of Cáceres and Iglesias, with serious socioeconomic consequences; but, in addition, a story associated with the stylistic influences of Europe and the United States, thanks to the intervention of Chilean professionals, especially a Frenchman living in Chile and in the neo-medievalist tradition. An important finding is that the Chilean neo-medievalism that arrived in Peru inevitably mixed with the complexity of our history: the burned baroque church, the political and ideological confrontation between liberals and conservatives, and the convulsed and marginal context of war and occupation. A Church as the logical consequence of what Peru needed and claimed to have, a modern architectural example of a city that had to resurrect after defeat.
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Iglesia de los Sagrados Corazones Recoleta (Lima, Perú), Arquitectura religiosa--Perú--Lima, Arquitectura medieval--Perú--Siglo XIX