La responsabilidad internacional del Estado peruano por el incumplimiento del principio de Non-Refoulement durante la pandemia por la COVID-19
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2023-11-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El contexto actual de movilidad de personas ha implicado nuevos retos y desafíos para la
comunidad internacional, sobre todo respecto a la respuesta adoptada por los Estados. En el
caso de nuestro país, el desplazamiento de personas venezolanas que ha ido incrementándose
desde 2017, sumado a la pandemia por la COVID 19 declarada en 2020 que conllevó a
decretar un estado de emergencia nacional en el Perú, ha generado nuevos escenarios tanto
fácticos como jurídicos en relación con las obligaciones internacionales del Estado peruano
derivadas de la protección de los derechos humanos. Frente a ello, la presente investigación
analiza las medidas adoptadas (cierre de fronteras, expulsión de extranjeros y limitaciones al
sistema de asilo) en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria por la COVID 19 para determinar si el
Perú ha vulnerado el Principio de no devolución (non refoulement). A partir del estudio de
este principio y de sus estándares de protección en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos
Humanos (SIDH), la conclusión principal de la presente tesis es que, por haber adoptado
medidas vulneratorias del Principio de no devolución durante la crisis sanitaria originada por
la COVID 19 en el periodo 2020-2021, el Estado peruano ha cometido un hecho
internacionalmente ilícito y, en consecuencia, ha incurrido en responsabilidad internacional
que se podrá hacer efectiva en el SIDH.
The current context of human mobility has brought new challenges for the international community, especially regarding the response adopted by States. For instance, the cross- border displacement of Venezuelan persons that has been increasing in our country since 2017, in addition to the COVID 19 pandemic declared in 2020, which led to a National Emergency State in Peru, have generated new factual and legal scenarios to the Peruvian Government as international obligations arose concerning the protection of human rights. On that premise, this research analyzes the adopted measures (e.g., border closures, expulsion of non-nationals and restrictions on access to asylum procedures) in the middle of the COVID 19 crisis in order to determine whether Peru violated the principle of non-refoulement. Based on the study of this principle and its Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) standards, the main conclusion is that the Peruvian State committed an international wrongful act because it adopted measures in breach of the principle of non-refoulement during the health emergency caused by COVID 19 in the period 2020-2021. Therefore, Peru has incurred international responsibility that can be enforced in the IAHRS.
The current context of human mobility has brought new challenges for the international community, especially regarding the response adopted by States. For instance, the cross- border displacement of Venezuelan persons that has been increasing in our country since 2017, in addition to the COVID 19 pandemic declared in 2020, which led to a National Emergency State in Peru, have generated new factual and legal scenarios to the Peruvian Government as international obligations arose concerning the protection of human rights. On that premise, this research analyzes the adopted measures (e.g., border closures, expulsion of non-nationals and restrictions on access to asylum procedures) in the middle of the COVID 19 crisis in order to determine whether Peru violated the principle of non-refoulement. Based on the study of this principle and its Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) standards, the main conclusion is that the Peruvian State committed an international wrongful act because it adopted measures in breach of the principle of non-refoulement during the health emergency caused by COVID 19 in the period 2020-2021. Therefore, Peru has incurred international responsibility that can be enforced in the IAHRS.
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Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020-, Repatriación forzosa--Perú, Derecho de asilo--Perú, Venezolanos en Perú, Perú--Emigración e inmigración--Política gubernamental