La implementación de la consulta previa en el Perú a la luz de la juris interamericana: avances y desafíos
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2024-04-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A través del desarrollo del presente artículo se busca determinar si el proceso de
consulta previa que se realiza en el Perú es conforme a los estándares
internacionales establecidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos,
en ese sentido, se partirá por establecer el estado situacional actual, a nivel
nacional, tanto normativo, jurisprudencial como social, en el que se encuentra
dicho proceso, sin dejar de lado el derecho comparado con nuestros pares
sudamericanos, así como los principales pronunciamientos y jurisprudencia
emitida por el tribunal internacional en mención, para, finalmente, contrastar el
contexto peruano en el que se encuentra la aplicación del derecho a la consulta
previa, en el marco del parámetro internacional desarrollado.
Así, en atención a las fuentes consultadas, conformadas, principalmente, por
jurisprudencia, doctrina, así como datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, se ha podido
verificar que existen serias deficiencias en cuanto a la efectivización del derecho
bajo análisis, por lo que, al no haber concordancia entre los parámetros
establecidos en el sistema interamericano en materia de derechos indígenas, y
la realidad peruana, se perpetúa una dinámica estructural, amparada por las
propias instituciones formales del Estado, que margina a un grupo social que
históricamente ha sufrido de discriminación por razón de su orígen.
Through the development of this article we seek to determine whether the prior consultation process carried out in Peru is in accordance with the international standards established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, in that sense, it will begin by establishing the current situational state, at the national level, both normative, jurisprudential and social, in which said process is found, without leaving aside the law compared to our South American peers, as well as the main pronouncements and jurisprudence issued by the international court in question, to, finally, contrast the Peruvian context in which the application of the right to prior consultation is found, within the framework of the developed international parameter. Thus, in response to the sources consulted, mainly made up of jurisprudence, doctrine, as well as quantitative and qualitative data, it has been possible to verify that there are serious deficiencies in terms of the implementation of the right under analysis, therefore, since there are no agreement between the parameters established in the inter-American system regarding indigenous rights, and the Peruvian reality, a structural dynamic is perpetuated, protected by the formal institutions of the State itself, which marginalizes a social group that has historically suffered discrimination based on its origin.
Through the development of this article we seek to determine whether the prior consultation process carried out in Peru is in accordance with the international standards established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, in that sense, it will begin by establishing the current situational state, at the national level, both normative, jurisprudential and social, in which said process is found, without leaving aside the law compared to our South American peers, as well as the main pronouncements and jurisprudence issued by the international court in question, to, finally, contrast the Peruvian context in which the application of the right to prior consultation is found, within the framework of the developed international parameter. Thus, in response to the sources consulted, mainly made up of jurisprudence, doctrine, as well as quantitative and qualitative data, it has been possible to verify that there are serious deficiencies in terms of the implementation of the right under analysis, therefore, since there are no agreement between the parameters established in the inter-American system regarding indigenous rights, and the Peruvian reality, a structural dynamic is perpetuated, protected by the formal institutions of the State itself, which marginalizes a social group that has historically suffered discrimination based on its origin.
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Derecho indígena--Perú, Comunidad indígena--Derechos--Perú, Comunidades indígenas--Participación política--Perú
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