Concesión de la conexión de la carretera Fernando Belaúnde Terry con la Ciudad de Sauce
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2019-05-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Actualmente, la región de San Martín, ubicada en Perú, presenta un crecimiento
mucho mayor al de otras regiones del país. Esto es debido a que desde inicios de
este milenio la región ha comenzado a tener un acceso al mercado nacional por las
nuevas rutas asfaltadas que lo conectan con la red nacional, generando una
oportunidad de crecimiento en distintos sectores económicos. Una muestra de ello
es el sector el turismo, ya que el año 2016 se registró el doble de personas que en el
año 2006.
En este trabajo se estudia la concesión de la conexión de la carretera Fernando
Belaúnde Terry con la ciudad de Sauce. Esta última presenta el lugar turístico más
importante de la región, la laguna Azul, la cual tiene una cuota de crecimiento del
turismo interno de 4.9% y de turismo internacional de 8.2%, además, presenta en los
últimos años una inversiones en este sector muy considerable. Sin embargo, no
cuenta con una correcta infraestructura ya que la carretera no se encuentra asfaltada
y todas las tres posibles formas de llegar necesitan un trimarán, medio de transporte
que permite cruzar solo una capacidad muy limitada de vehículos en ciertas horas
del día y presenta un riesgo muy importante.
El proyecto consistirá básicamente en el mejoramiento de la carretera de 26
kilómetros que está dividida en dos tramos, la construcción de un puente de 260
metros que pasa encima del río Huallaga, las obras de señalización necesarias, las
obras de drenaje, el mantenimiento y operación de la infraestructura. A través de este
proyecto se busca también la integración de las distintas ciudades que se encuentran
en el camino.
Se eligió la Asociación Público Privada Cofinanciada (término para referirse a las
Colaboraciones Públicos Privadas en Perú) por diferentes motivos. El primero de
ellos es el seguir el ejemplo de departamentos que invirtieron en acceso a centros
turísticos que mostraron un beneficio tanto económica, ambiental y socialmente
mucho mayor a lo esperado como el de “Sistemas de telecabinas de Kuélap” ubicado
en la región de Amazonas, colindante a la nuestra. Otro es que al aplicar el
documento de “Lineamientos para la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad de los
proyectos APP” se obtiene un puntaje de 15.9/20, lo cual indica la idoneidad a nivel
regional. Adicionalmente, se tienen evidencias en la región de un mantenimiento
deficiente por parte de la administración en las carretas, como la PE-5N, la cual es
un eje importante del Perú. Sobre los riesgos que se transferirán o no, al ser una Asociación Público Privado
(APP) la Sociedad Vehículo debe de tener unos riesgos mínimos que asumir. En el
estudio se concluye que este deberá asumir el riesgo de construcción, lo cual incluye
sobrecostes y plazo; el riesgo de disponibilidad; de proyecto, lo que incluye el riesgo
de explotación, mantenimiento, ingeniería, medioambiental; y el riesgo de
financiación. La administración se encargará del riesgo de expropiaciones, por ser el
mejor gestor entre estos dos, y el riesgo de demanda. De esta forma se cumple que
los riesgos son coherentes con una APP.
Las características de la APP por 25 años, los cuales están repartidos en 2 años de
construcción y 23 años de mantenimiento y operación. La administración por la
transferencia de riesgos pagará anualmente dos cuotas llamadas PAMO y PAO. La
primera es un pago anual por el mantenimiento y operación y la segunda es el pago
anual por obras, ambas serán pagadas a partir del siguiente año de terminadas las
obras con valores de 2 millones de Soles y 25 millones de Soles respectivamente
como topes. Adicionalmente, estas dos serán materia de la elección del
concesionario en un concurso abierto como se establecerá en el pliego de
prescripciones administrativas particulares. Sobre la financiación se tiene que esta
representará un 75% del total de la inversión necesaria, se le pedirá por un plazo de
20 años y necesitará un retorno de 8.7%
Con una inversión durante la vida del proyecto de casi 200 millones de soles se
obtiene una Tasa Interna de Retorno de 15.91% para los accionistas. Lo cual hace
muy atractivo al proyecto de inversión. Además con una variación de ingreso o
aumento de costes de más o menos 20% llegará a una rentabilidad mínima de 6.3%,
lo cual asegura que el accionista esté interesado en el proyecto, por la rentabilidad
positiva en los casos planteados.
En el análisis socioeconómico de la alternativa con la Asociación Público Privada se
encuentran tanto factores positivos como negativos durante la fase de construcción
y operación del proyecto. Como algo positivo se destaca la reducción de accidentes
por la construcción del puente, además de que se tenga acceso a la carretera todo
el día y con una calidad perfecta, hay una significativa reducción de tiempo de
traslado y un aumento del movimiento económico de la región muy importante. Sin
embargo, también se presentan impactos medioambientales por posibles derrames de maquinarias durante su construcción, el costo del proyecto y las expropiaciones
necesarias.
Currently, the San Martin region, located in Peru, shows a much higher growth than other regions of the country. This is because since the beginning of this millennium, the region has begun to have access to the national market by the new paved roads that connect it with the national network, generating an opportunity for growth in different economic sectors. A sample of this is the tourism sector, in 2016 the tourism was the double of the 2006. In this work the concession of the connection of the highway Fernando Belaúnde Terry with the city of Sauce is studied. This last one presents the most important tourist place of the region, the Laguna Azul, which has a growth share of internal tourism of 4.9% and international tourism of 8.2%, in addition, it has presented in recent years an investment in this sector very considerable. However, it does not have a correct infrastructure since the road is not paved and all three possible ways of getting there require a “Trimaran”, a transport that allows only a very limited capacity of vehicles to cross at certain times of the day and presents a very important risk. The project will basically consist of the improvement of the 26-kilometer road divided in two sections, the construction of a 260-meter bridge over the Huallaga River, the necessary signaling works, drainage works, maintenance and operation of the infrastructure. Through this project, the integration of the different cities along the way is also sought. The Cofinanced Private Public Association (term to refer to Private Public Partnerships in Peru) was chosen for different reasons. The first of these is to follow the example of departments that invested in access to tourist centers that showed a much greater economic, environmental and social benefit than expected, such as "Kuélap cable car systems" located in the Amazon region. Another is that by applying the document "Guidelines for the application of the eligibility criteria of PPP projects" a score of 15.9 / 20 is obtained, which indicates the suitability at the regional level. Additionally, there is evidence in the region of poor maintenance for the infrastructure for part of the administration, such as the PE-5N, which is an important axis of Peru. Regarding the risks that will be transferred or not, being a Public Private Partnership (PPP), the Vehicle Company must have minimal risks to assume. The study concludes that it must assume the construction risk, which includes additional costs and time; the risk of availability; of project, which includes the risk of exploitation, maintenance, engineering, environmental; and the financing risk. The administration will be responsible for the risk of expropriation, for being the best manager between these two, and the risk of demand. In this way, the risks are consistent with a PPP. The characteristics of the APP for 25 years, which are divided into 2 years of construction and 23 years of maintenance and operation. The administration for the transfer of risks will pay annually two installments called PAMO and PAO. The first is an annual payment for maintenance and operation and the second is the annual payment for works, both will be paid as of the following year after the works with values of 2 million Soles and 25 million Soles respectively as caps. Additionally, these two will be the subject of the choice of the concessionaire in an open competition as will be established in the particular administrative specifications. On the financing it has that this will represent 75% of the total of the necessary investment, it will be asked for a period of 20 years and will need a return of 8.7% With an investment over the life of the project of almost 200 million soles, an Internal Rate of Return of 15.91% is obtained for the shareholders, which makes the investment project very attractive. In addition, with a variation of income or increase in costs of more or less 20%, it will reach a minimum return of 6.3%, which ensures that the shareholder will achieve a positive return in most of the cases. In the socio-economic analysis of the alternative with the Public-Private Partnership there are both positive and negative factors during the construction and operation phase of the project. As a positive thing, the reduction of accidents due to the construction of the bridge stands out, in addition to having access to the road all day and with perfect quality, there is a significant reduction in travel time and an increase in the economic movement of the region very important. However, there are also environmental impacts due to possible spills of machinery during its construction, the cost of the project and the necessary expropriations.
Currently, the San Martin region, located in Peru, shows a much higher growth than other regions of the country. This is because since the beginning of this millennium, the region has begun to have access to the national market by the new paved roads that connect it with the national network, generating an opportunity for growth in different economic sectors. A sample of this is the tourism sector, in 2016 the tourism was the double of the 2006. In this work the concession of the connection of the highway Fernando Belaúnde Terry with the city of Sauce is studied. This last one presents the most important tourist place of the region, the Laguna Azul, which has a growth share of internal tourism of 4.9% and international tourism of 8.2%, in addition, it has presented in recent years an investment in this sector very considerable. However, it does not have a correct infrastructure since the road is not paved and all three possible ways of getting there require a “Trimaran”, a transport that allows only a very limited capacity of vehicles to cross at certain times of the day and presents a very important risk. The project will basically consist of the improvement of the 26-kilometer road divided in two sections, the construction of a 260-meter bridge over the Huallaga River, the necessary signaling works, drainage works, maintenance and operation of the infrastructure. Through this project, the integration of the different cities along the way is also sought. The Cofinanced Private Public Association (term to refer to Private Public Partnerships in Peru) was chosen for different reasons. The first of these is to follow the example of departments that invested in access to tourist centers that showed a much greater economic, environmental and social benefit than expected, such as "Kuélap cable car systems" located in the Amazon region. Another is that by applying the document "Guidelines for the application of the eligibility criteria of PPP projects" a score of 15.9 / 20 is obtained, which indicates the suitability at the regional level. Additionally, there is evidence in the region of poor maintenance for the infrastructure for part of the administration, such as the PE-5N, which is an important axis of Peru. Regarding the risks that will be transferred or not, being a Public Private Partnership (PPP), the Vehicle Company must have minimal risks to assume. The study concludes that it must assume the construction risk, which includes additional costs and time; the risk of availability; of project, which includes the risk of exploitation, maintenance, engineering, environmental; and the financing risk. The administration will be responsible for the risk of expropriation, for being the best manager between these two, and the risk of demand. In this way, the risks are consistent with a PPP. The characteristics of the APP for 25 years, which are divided into 2 years of construction and 23 years of maintenance and operation. The administration for the transfer of risks will pay annually two installments called PAMO and PAO. The first is an annual payment for maintenance and operation and the second is the annual payment for works, both will be paid as of the following year after the works with values of 2 million Soles and 25 million Soles respectively as caps. Additionally, these two will be the subject of the choice of the concessionaire in an open competition as will be established in the particular administrative specifications. On the financing it has that this will represent 75% of the total of the necessary investment, it will be asked for a period of 20 years and will need a return of 8.7% With an investment over the life of the project of almost 200 million soles, an Internal Rate of Return of 15.91% is obtained for the shareholders, which makes the investment project very attractive. In addition, with a variation of income or increase in costs of more or less 20%, it will reach a minimum return of 6.3%, which ensures that the shareholder will achieve a positive return in most of the cases. In the socio-economic analysis of the alternative with the Public-Private Partnership there are both positive and negative factors during the construction and operation phase of the project. As a positive thing, the reduction of accidents due to the construction of the bridge stands out, in addition to having access to the road all day and with perfect quality, there is a significant reduction in travel time and an increase in the economic movement of the region very important. However, there are also environmental impacts due to possible spills of machinery during its construction, the cost of the project and the necessary expropriations.
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Palabras clave
Carreteras, Transporte público, Carreteras--Concesiones, Puentes--Perú--San Martín
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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