Implicancias jurídicas de la propiedad y expropiación del patrimonio cultural inmueble: análisis a partir del caso Machupicchu
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2024-06-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación, “Implicancias jurídicas de la propiedad y expropiación del
Patrimonio Cultural Inmueble: análisis a partir del caso Machupicchu”, tuvo como
objetivo analizar las repercusiones jurídicas de la problemática vinculada a la propiedad
y expropiación del patrimonio cultural inmueble a partir del Caso Machupicchu,
desarrollado bajo el enfoque cualitativo, de tipo básica y teórica, diseño hermenéutico.
Se utilizó como técnicas el análisis documental, así como la entrevista y la encuesta, en
las cuales participaron 9 expertos que respondieron una guía de entrevista y 119
ciudadanos que respondieron el cuestionario.
Resultados: A partir del análisis realizado se infiere que, del tracto sucesivo de la
propiedad, se cumple el reconocimiento del derecho a la propiedad para las familias
Abrill y Zavaleta en relación a la propiedad de las tierras que albergan el Parque
Arqueológico de Machupicchu y la ciudadela Inca de Machupicchu. Según el análisis
realizado a la Ley N° 6634, en sus artículos 1 y 5, los monumentos existentes en el
territorio nacional eran de propiedad del Estado, pero no lo era de los terrenos que los
albergaba, pudiendo ser este de un particular, para lo cual la propiedad en favor del
Estado tuvo que tener una previa expropiación del bien, la cual nunca se concretizó por
no haber cumplido con la indemnización justipreciada, en consecuencia, se infiere que
siguen siendo de propiedad privada.
En ese orden de ideas, según lo manifestado por los entrevistados, 3 expertos
manifiestan que los terrenos que albergan el Parque Arqueológico de Machupicchu y la
ciudadela Inca de Machupicchu fueron de propiedad privada; 1 experto manifiesta que
es de propiedad pública y 5 expertos no precisan. En cuanto a la indemnización
justipreciada, los entrevistados manifiestan que la expropiación debe realizarse según
el procedimiento que exige la Ley, pagando al propietario por el bien expropiado. Por
otro lado, se determina que la Ley N° 28296 y el D.L. N° 1192 muestran deficiencias en
la regulación de los bienes culturales inmuebles, existiendo un retroceso por la falta de
fomento en la preservación de estos. La Ley N° 31770 que modifica a la Ley N° 28296,
se presenta como una oportunidad para tratar casos similares de expropiación de
patrimonio cultural inmueble y su posterior disposición en favor del bien común de la
sociedad.
Finalmente, el cuestionario realizado a los 119 ciudadanos, refleja un problema real en
la sociedad, por un lado la conservación del patrimonio cultural inmueble, pues el 65,5%
considera que el Estado peruano tiene más derecho sobre la propiedad que el mismo
propietario, lo que refleja una deconstrucción del concepto de ‘conservación’, pues el
derecho a la propiedad es un derecho fundamental el cual el Estado no debería lesionar,
limitando el uso y disposición de forma desmedida sobre los bienes donde se halla
patrimonio cultural inmueble.
The present research, "Legal Implications of Ownership and Expropriation of Immovable Cultural Heritage: Analysis Based on the Machupicchu Case," aimed to analyze the legal repercussions of the issues related to the ownership and expropriation of immovable cultural heritage, starting with the Machupicchu Case, developed under a qualitative approach, basic and theoretical type, hermeneutical design. Documentary analysis was used as techniques, as well as interviews and surveys, in which 9 experts participated by responding to an interview guide and 119 citizens responded to the questionnaire. Results: From the analysis carried out, it is inferred that, from the successive tract of ownership, the recognition of the right to property for the Abrill and Zavaleta families regarding the land that houses the Machupicchu Archaeological Park and the Inca citadel of Machupicchu is fulfilled. According to the analysis of Law No. 6634, in its articles 1 and 5, the monuments existing in the national territory were property of the State, but not the lands that housed them, which could belong to a private individual. For this, the property in favor of the State had to have a prior expropriation of the asset, which was never realized for not having complied with the fair compensation, consequently, it is inferred that they continue being private property. In that order of ideas, according to what was expressed by the interviewees, 3 experts state that the lands that house the Machupicchu Archaeological Park and the Inca citadel of Machupicchu were private property; 1 expert states that it is public property and 5 experts do not specify. Regarding fair compensation, interviewees state that expropriation should be carried out according to the procedure required by Law, paying the owner for the expropriated property. On the other hand, it is determined that Law No. 28296 and D.L. No. 1192 show deficiencies in the regulation of immovable cultural goods, existing a setback due to the lack of promotion in their preservation. Law No. 31770, which amends Law No. 28296, presents an opportunity to address similar cases of expropriation of immovable cultural heritage and its subsequent disposition in favor of the common good of society. Finally, the questionnaire carried out to the 119 citizens reflects a real problem in society, on one hand the conservation of immovable cultural heritage, since 65.5% consider that the Peruvian state has more right over the property than the owner itself, which reflects a deconstruction of the concept of ‘conservation’, since the right to property is a fundamental right which the State should not injure by limiting the use and disposition excessively on the goods where immovable cultural heritage is located.
The present research, "Legal Implications of Ownership and Expropriation of Immovable Cultural Heritage: Analysis Based on the Machupicchu Case," aimed to analyze the legal repercussions of the issues related to the ownership and expropriation of immovable cultural heritage, starting with the Machupicchu Case, developed under a qualitative approach, basic and theoretical type, hermeneutical design. Documentary analysis was used as techniques, as well as interviews and surveys, in which 9 experts participated by responding to an interview guide and 119 citizens responded to the questionnaire. Results: From the analysis carried out, it is inferred that, from the successive tract of ownership, the recognition of the right to property for the Abrill and Zavaleta families regarding the land that houses the Machupicchu Archaeological Park and the Inca citadel of Machupicchu is fulfilled. According to the analysis of Law No. 6634, in its articles 1 and 5, the monuments existing in the national territory were property of the State, but not the lands that housed them, which could belong to a private individual. For this, the property in favor of the State had to have a prior expropriation of the asset, which was never realized for not having complied with the fair compensation, consequently, it is inferred that they continue being private property. In that order of ideas, according to what was expressed by the interviewees, 3 experts state that the lands that house the Machupicchu Archaeological Park and the Inca citadel of Machupicchu were private property; 1 expert states that it is public property and 5 experts do not specify. Regarding fair compensation, interviewees state that expropriation should be carried out according to the procedure required by Law, paying the owner for the expropriated property. On the other hand, it is determined that Law No. 28296 and D.L. No. 1192 show deficiencies in the regulation of immovable cultural goods, existing a setback due to the lack of promotion in their preservation. Law No. 31770, which amends Law No. 28296, presents an opportunity to address similar cases of expropriation of immovable cultural heritage and its subsequent disposition in favor of the common good of society. Finally, the questionnaire carried out to the 119 citizens reflects a real problem in society, on one hand the conservation of immovable cultural heritage, since 65.5% consider that the Peruvian state has more right over the property than the owner itself, which reflects a deconstruction of the concept of ‘conservation’, since the right to property is a fundamental right which the State should not injure by limiting the use and disposition excessively on the goods where immovable cultural heritage is located.
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Palabras clave
Propiedad inmueble--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Expropiación--Legislación--Perú, Patrimonio cultural--Protección--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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