Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución No. 11 del Expediente 00028-2021-0-1817-SP-CO-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El presente informe analiza la Resolución N.º 11, sentencia emitida en el
expediente No. 00028-2021-0-1817-SP-CO-02, mediante la cual la Segunda
Sala Comercial de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima declara fundada la
demanda de anulación del laudo arbitral, al considerar que uno de los árbitros
permaneció en el tribunal pese a existir indicios que comprometían su
imparcialidad. Esta investigación se justifica por la necesidad de delimitar los
estándares jurídicos exigibles a las decisiones institucionales sobre recusación,
así como por la importancia de preservar el equilibrio entre el derecho al debido
proceso y la autonomía del arbitraje. El objetivo principal es determinar si la
permanencia del árbitro, tras el rechazo inmotivado de la recusación, vulnera el
principio de imparcialidad. La hipótesis que se sostiene es que, si bien el Consejo
Superior de Arbitraje incurrió en un vicio procedimental al rechazar la recusación
mediante una motivación aparente, los elementos aportados -como una
dedicatoria académica y otros vínculos en contextos académicos- resultan
jurídicamente insuficientes para presumir una relación de amistad estrecha que
comprometa la imparcialidad del árbitro. Se concluye, en consecuencia, que
tales elementos no acreditan por sí solos una amenaza real al deber de
imparcialidad, por lo que la anulación del laudo no fue jurídicamente justificada.
El análisis se desarrolla desde un enfoque dogmático, con base en el artículo
139 de la Constitución, en los artículos 29.7 y 63 del Decreto Legislativo 1071,
así como en las Directrices IBA sobre Conflictos de Interés.
This report analyzes Resolution No. 11, a judgment issued in file No. 00028- 2021-0-1817-SP-CO-02, by which the Second Commercial Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Lima declared the claim for annulment of the arbitral award well-founded, considering that one of the arbitrators remained on the court despite evidence that compromised his impartiality. This investigation is justified by the need to define the legal standards required for institutional decisions on recusals, as well as by the importance of preserving the balance between the right to due process and the autonomy of arbitration. The main objective is to determine whether the permanence of the arbitrator, after the unjustified rejection of the recusal, violates the principle of impartiality. The hypothesis is that, although the Higher Arbitration Council committed a procedural defect by rejecting the challenge based on apparent justification, the evidence provided— such as an academic career and other ties in academic contexts—is legally insufficient to presume a close friendship that compromises the arbitrator's impartiality. It is therefore concluded that such evidence alone does not prove a real threat to the duty of impartiality, and therefore the annulment of the award was not legally justified. The analysis is conducted from a dogmatic perspective, based on Article 139 of the Constitution, Articles 29.7 and 63 of Legislative Decree 1071, as well as the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest.
This report analyzes Resolution No. 11, a judgment issued in file No. 00028- 2021-0-1817-SP-CO-02, by which the Second Commercial Chamber of the Superior Court of Justice of Lima declared the claim for annulment of the arbitral award well-founded, considering that one of the arbitrators remained on the court despite evidence that compromised his impartiality. This investigation is justified by the need to define the legal standards required for institutional decisions on recusals, as well as by the importance of preserving the balance between the right to due process and the autonomy of arbitration. The main objective is to determine whether the permanence of the arbitrator, after the unjustified rejection of the recusal, violates the principle of impartiality. The hypothesis is that, although the Higher Arbitration Council committed a procedural defect by rejecting the challenge based on apparent justification, the evidence provided— such as an academic career and other ties in academic contexts—is legally insufficient to presume a close friendship that compromises the arbitrator's impartiality. It is therefore concluded that such evidence alone does not prove a real threat to the duty of impartiality, and therefore the annulment of the award was not legally justified. The analysis is conducted from a dogmatic perspective, based on Article 139 of the Constitution, Articles 29.7 and 63 of Legislative Decree 1071, as well as the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest.
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Arbitraje y laudo--Perú, Nulidad (Derecho)--Perú, Imparcialidad
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