Informe jurídico sobre la Casación N° 17739 - 2022 – Lima, sobre despido a docente por afectación emocional a alumnos
Cargando...
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
DOI
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente informe analiza la validez de un despido disciplinario en el contexto
educativo, tomando como base la Casación Laboral N.º 17739-2022-LIMA, que
resolvió la controversia sobre el cese de una docente por actos de violencia
verbal y maltrato psicológico contra estudiantes menores de edad. El problema
principal examinado es la tensión entre la existencia material de una falta grave
—acreditada mediante actos reiterados de descalificación y humillación
emocional— y la validez formal del procedimiento disciplinario seguido por el
empleador, una institución educativa con ideario pedagógico propio. Para ello se
emplearon como principales instrumentos normativos el artículo 25 y 31 del TUO
del Decreto Legislativo N.º 728, la Constitución Política del Perú, la Convención
sobre los Derechos del Niño y el Protocolo SISEVE. El análisis permitió confirmar
que, aunque la falta grave se subsume correctamente en el marco legal y supera
el test de proporcionalidad en abstracto, el procedimiento de despido incumplió
exigencias esenciales del debido proceso: la decisión fue adoptada de forma
anticipada y comunicada a terceros, se vulneró el principio de inmediatez, se
simuló la contradicción real y se notificó el procedimiento durante vacaciones,
quebrantando la suspensión perfecta de labores. Se concluye que el despido no
resulta legalmente válido y debe considerarse arbitrario por vicio formal,
reafirmando que la protección del interés superior del niño y la coherencia
institucional deben articularse siempre con el respeto de garantías mínimas de
defensa y motivación.
This legal report analyzes the validity of a disciplinary termination in the educational sector, based on Labor Cassation No. 17739-2022-LIMA, which settled the dispute concerning the dismissal of a teacher for acts of verbal abuse and psychological harassment against underage students. The core issue addressed is the tension between the material existence of just cause — established through repeated instances of emotionally harmful conduct— and the procedural validity of the disciplinary process conducted by the employer, a private educational institution with a distinctive pedagogical ideology. The main legal sources applied include Articles 25 and 31 of the Consolidated Text of Legislative Decree No. 728 (Peruvian Employment Promotion and Competitiveness Act), the Political Constitution of Peru, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the SISEVE Protocol as a technical benchmark. The analysis confirms that, although the teacher’s conduct amounts to serious misconduct under statutory labor law and would pass a proportionality test in abstract, the termination process failed to comply with fundamental due process guarantees: the decision was predetermined and disclosed to third parties before granting an effective opportunity for defense, the immediacy principle was breached, genuine contradiction was undermined, and the dismissal notice was served during the vacation period, violating the rules on perfect suspension of the employment contract. The report concludes that the dismissal is not legally enforceable and must be regarded as wrongful termination on procedural grounds, reaffirming that safeguarding the best interests of the child and the coherence of an ideological employer’s mission must always be balanced with minimum standards of due process and procedural fairness.
This legal report analyzes the validity of a disciplinary termination in the educational sector, based on Labor Cassation No. 17739-2022-LIMA, which settled the dispute concerning the dismissal of a teacher for acts of verbal abuse and psychological harassment against underage students. The core issue addressed is the tension between the material existence of just cause — established through repeated instances of emotionally harmful conduct— and the procedural validity of the disciplinary process conducted by the employer, a private educational institution with a distinctive pedagogical ideology. The main legal sources applied include Articles 25 and 31 of the Consolidated Text of Legislative Decree No. 728 (Peruvian Employment Promotion and Competitiveness Act), the Political Constitution of Peru, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the SISEVE Protocol as a technical benchmark. The analysis confirms that, although the teacher’s conduct amounts to serious misconduct under statutory labor law and would pass a proportionality test in abstract, the termination process failed to comply with fundamental due process guarantees: the decision was predetermined and disclosed to third parties before granting an effective opportunity for defense, the immediacy principle was breached, genuine contradiction was undermined, and the dismissal notice was served during the vacation period, violating the rules on perfect suspension of the employment contract. The report concludes that the dismissal is not legally enforceable and must be regarded as wrongful termination on procedural grounds, reaffirming that safeguarding the best interests of the child and the coherence of an ideological employer’s mission must always be balanced with minimum standards of due process and procedural fairness.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Despido de empleados--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Jurisprudencia--Perú
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

