Fiestas y cofradías en la comunidad de Sacsamarca como estrategia para la preservación de bienes comunales (Ayacucho, 1807-1936)
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2023-02-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Gracias a las fiestas patronales, sus actas y las huellas físicas de las cofradías,
podemos visualizar, tejiendo evidencias escritas y físicas, las estrategias de
sobrevivencia de la comunidad para asegurar el control de sus recursos y bienes
comunales, frente al avance de terratenientes.
En Sacsamarca, distrito de la Provincia de Huancasancos (Ayacucho), los pastos y el
ganado están en manos de la comunidad y se reparten, entre los comuneros
participantes de las celebraciones, a través de relaciones de compadrazgo durante las
fiestas patronales; mientras que, desde tiempos coloniales hasta 1936, se vinculaba a
la Iglesia Católica mediante organizaciones piadosas como las cofradías,
manifestadas en las devociones populares.
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar esa transformación desde 1807, momento en el
que la comunidad busca legitimar sus tierras, hasta 1936 cuando Sacsamarca es
reconocida como comunidad campesina.
Proceso largo en que las tensiones entre los diversos actores, comuneros, Iglesia y
Estado, se expresó en el desarrollo, participación y registro de fiestas patronales
dentro de un sistema de “cofradías” como mecanismo de protección y acceso a los
recursos. Dicho proceso se desarrolla entre 1807 y 1936, en el que prevalecen las
cofradías y la organización de la comunidad definida legalmente como indígena.
Thanks to the patron saint’s festivities, their minutes and the physical traces of the brotherhoods, we can visualize, weaving written and physical evidence, the survival strategies of the community to ensure control of its resources and communal property, in the face of the advance of landowners. In Sacsamarca, current district of the Province of Huancasancos (Ayacucho), pastures and livestock are in the hands of the community and are distributed among the community members participating in the celebrations, through compadrazgo relationships during the patron saint festivities; while, from colonial times until 1936, it was linked to the Catholic Church through pious organizations such as brotherhoods, manifested in popular devotions. This thesis aims to analyze that transformation from 1807, when the community sought to legitimize their lands, until 1936 when Sacsamarca is recognized as a peasant community. Long process in which the tensions between the various actors, community members, Church and State, was expressed in the development, participation and registration of patron saint festivities within a system of "brotherhoods" as a mechanism of protection and access to resources. This process takes place between 1807 and 1936, in which the brotherhoods and the organization of the community legally defined as indigenous prevail.
Thanks to the patron saint’s festivities, their minutes and the physical traces of the brotherhoods, we can visualize, weaving written and physical evidence, the survival strategies of the community to ensure control of its resources and communal property, in the face of the advance of landowners. In Sacsamarca, current district of the Province of Huancasancos (Ayacucho), pastures and livestock are in the hands of the community and are distributed among the community members participating in the celebrations, through compadrazgo relationships during the patron saint festivities; while, from colonial times until 1936, it was linked to the Catholic Church through pious organizations such as brotherhoods, manifested in popular devotions. This thesis aims to analyze that transformation from 1807, when the community sought to legitimize their lands, until 1936 when Sacsamarca is recognized as a peasant community. Long process in which the tensions between the various actors, community members, Church and State, was expressed in the development, participation and registration of patron saint festivities within a system of "brotherhoods" as a mechanism of protection and access to resources. This process takes place between 1807 and 1936, in which the brotherhoods and the organization of the community legally defined as indigenous prevail.
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Comunidades campesinas--Perú--1807-1936, Perú--Historia--Siglos XIX-XX, Festividades religiosas--Perú--Ayacucho, Cofradías--Perú--Ayacucho
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