Factores significativos en el control de la corrupción: estudio de la región Sudamericana para los años 2002-2020
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2024-01-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La corrupción es un mal que afecta a todos los países del mundo, teniendo un impacto
negativo en el bienestar social. Una de las regiones más afectadas por este problema es América
del Sur. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por los Gobiernos para erradicarla, estos no han
sido suficientes, y esto podría atribuirse a una mala dirección de las estrategias. Ante este
escenario, el objetivo de la presente tesis es determinar los factores significativos en el control
de la corrupción, para que al identificarlos se puedan dirigir las acciones de manera más efectiva.
Esta es una investigación cuantitativa no experimental, enfocada en Sudamérica, pero
comparada con el mundo. Se incluyeron 207 países reconocidos por el Banco Mundial para el
estudio global, y 10 países de América del Sur, seleccionados por la autora. El período de estudio
abarca desde 2002 hasta 2020. Se analiza una variable dependiente (control de la corrupción) y
13 variables independientes clasificadas en dos secciones: percepción y objetivas. Se obtuvo
una base de datos de 64,451, para la cual se utilizó econometría mediante un modelo de datos
de panel macro. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó en el programa Stata, aplicando 3
estimadores para evaluar la robustez de los resultados. Con el fin de facilitar su lectura e
interpretación, los resultados se agruparon en 6 modelos, concluyendo que la variable "voz y
rendición de cuentas" es el factor más significativo en el control de la corrupción, tanto en América
del Sur como a nivel mundial.
Corruption is a global menace that severely impacts social welfare, with South America being one of the regions most affected by this problem. Despite the efforts made by governments to combat corruption, the effectiveness of their strategies may be hindered by misdirection. In light of this situation, the present thesis aims to identify the significant factors influencing corruption control in order to direct action more effectively. This non-experimental quantitative research focuses on South America and includes a comparison with the rest of the world. A total of 207 countries recognized by the World Bank were considered for the global study, while the South American study includes 10 countries, selected by the author. The study period spans from 2002 to 2020.The research analyzes a dependent variable, corruption control, and 13 independent variables classified into two sections: perception and objective. A comprehensive database comprising 64,451 data points was compiled and analyzed using econometrics through a macro panel data model. The data processing took place using the Stata program, and three estimators were applied to ensure robustness of the results. To facilitate reading and interpretation, the findings were grouped into six models. The conclusive result indicates that the variable "voice and accountability" emerges as the most significant factor in the control of corruption, both for South America and globally. This finding sheds light on crucial aspects that policymakers can utilize to strengthen their efforts in the fight against corruption.
Corruption is a global menace that severely impacts social welfare, with South America being one of the regions most affected by this problem. Despite the efforts made by governments to combat corruption, the effectiveness of their strategies may be hindered by misdirection. In light of this situation, the present thesis aims to identify the significant factors influencing corruption control in order to direct action more effectively. This non-experimental quantitative research focuses on South America and includes a comparison with the rest of the world. A total of 207 countries recognized by the World Bank were considered for the global study, while the South American study includes 10 countries, selected by the author. The study period spans from 2002 to 2020.The research analyzes a dependent variable, corruption control, and 13 independent variables classified into two sections: perception and objective. A comprehensive database comprising 64,451 data points was compiled and analyzed using econometrics through a macro panel data model. The data processing took place using the Stata program, and three estimators were applied to ensure robustness of the results. To facilitate reading and interpretation, the findings were grouped into six models. The conclusive result indicates that the variable "voice and accountability" emerges as the most significant factor in the control of corruption, both for South America and globally. This finding sheds light on crucial aspects that policymakers can utilize to strengthen their efforts in the fight against corruption.
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Palabras clave
Corrupción política--América del Sur, Prevención del delito--América del Sur, América del Sur--Política y gobierno
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Licencia Creative Commons
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