Conducta de base segura y sensitividad en niños y madres del distrito de Los Olivos
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2013-04-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En la teoría del apego, se considera que la conducta de base segura y la sensitividad materna tienen bases biológicas y al mismo tiempo son dependientes del contexto. Además que la calidad del cuidado materno (sensitividad) organiza la el apego del niño. A partir de estas consideraciones, esta investigación tuvo como propósito central evaluar la relación entre la conducta de base segura y la sensitividad. Previo a ello y con la finalidad de describir las diversas manifestaciones que pueden adquirir ambas, por un lado se describieron las características de los ideales sostenidos por profesionales y madres acerca de la conducta de base segura y la sensitividad. Por otro lado se observó la conducta materna y del niño. Participaron (a) 18 profesionales vinculados al trabajo o investigación con niños y sus madres, (b) 30 madres de 25 a 45 años de edad (M = 34.97, DE = 5.72), de ellas el 30% no era migrante, el 26.7% era migrante de segunda generación y el 43.3% era migrantes de primera generación y (c) 30 niños, hijos e hijas de las madres participantes de 4 a 6 años (M = 61 meses, DE = 7.52), de ellos el 56.7% de los niños fueron hombres. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos, el Attachment Q Set (AQS) y el Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q Sort (MBPQS). Los profesionales y las madres reportaron sus ideales a través de ambos instrumentos, la conducta de los niños y sus madres fueron calificadas con el AQS y el MBPQS respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que la conducta de base segura y la sensitividad están asociadas. Además si bien ambos tienen características similares a las propuestas por la teoría al mismo tiempo tienen manifestaciones particulares.
Attachment theory proposed that secure base behavior and maternal sensitivity have biological bases and they are context dependent. Furthermore it proposes that quality of maternal care (sensitivity) organizes child´s attachment. This research analyzed relationship between child's secure base behavior and maternal sensitivity. Previously it described ideals´ characteristics held by professionals and mothers about secure base behavior and sensitivity in order to consider its socio-cultural manifestations. Moreover maternal and child behavior were observed. Participants were (a) 18 professionals working or researching with children and their mothers, (b) 30 mothers between 25 to 45 years (M = 34.97, SD = 5.72). The 30% was not migrant, 26.7% was second-generation migrants and 43.3% was first-generation migrants and (c) 30 children, sons and daughters of mothers participating. They were between 4 and 6 years (M = 61 months, SD = 7.52). The 56.7% of them were male. Attachment Q Set (AQS) and Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q Sort (MBPQS) were used to report ideals held by professionals and mothers and to describe children and maternal behavior respectively. Results show that secure base behavior and sensitivity are associated. Also results broadly support its similarities with attachment theory´s proposed and, at the same time, both of them have idiosyncratic manifestations.
Attachment theory proposed that secure base behavior and maternal sensitivity have biological bases and they are context dependent. Furthermore it proposes that quality of maternal care (sensitivity) organizes child´s attachment. This research analyzed relationship between child's secure base behavior and maternal sensitivity. Previously it described ideals´ characteristics held by professionals and mothers about secure base behavior and sensitivity in order to consider its socio-cultural manifestations. Moreover maternal and child behavior were observed. Participants were (a) 18 professionals working or researching with children and their mothers, (b) 30 mothers between 25 to 45 years (M = 34.97, SD = 5.72). The 30% was not migrant, 26.7% was second-generation migrants and 43.3% was first-generation migrants and (c) 30 children, sons and daughters of mothers participating. They were between 4 and 6 years (M = 61 months, SD = 7.52). The 56.7% of them were male. Attachment Q Set (AQS) and Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q Sort (MBPQS) were used to report ideals held by professionals and mothers and to describe children and maternal behavior respectively. Results show that secure base behavior and sensitivity are associated. Also results broadly support its similarities with attachment theory´s proposed and, at the same time, both of them have idiosyncratic manifestations.
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Apego (Psicología), Conducta infantil--Investigaciones, Sensibilidad, Madres e hijos
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