Informe jurídico sobre la Resolución del Tribunal Fiscal 07909-1-2024
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo analiza la aplicación del principio de causalidad en la deducción
de gastos financieros en el Impuesto a la Renta, en el contexto de un leveraged buyout
(LBO) estructurado mediante una fusión por absorción inversa. El caso examinado
involucra la adquisición apalancada de una sociedad minera a través de una sociedad
de propósito especial (SPE), la cual contrajo un préstamo para adquirir acciones de la
holding de la empresa objetivo, siendo posteriormente absorbida junto con la holding
por la sociedad operativa. La controversia surge cuando la SUNAT rechaza la
deducción de los intereses del préstamo asumido por la sociedad absorbente,
argumentando que dichos gastos no cumplen con el principio de causalidad, al no
estar vinculados a la generación de renta gravada ni al mantenimiento de la fuente
productora en la sociedad de origen. El análisis se sustenta en el artículo 37 de la Ley
del Impuesto a la Renta y en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Fiscal, que ha interpretado
el principio de causalidad de manera amplia, permitiendo la deducción de gastos que,
aunque no tengan una relación directa e inmediata con la generación de renta,
contribuyen al mantenimiento de la fuente productora. Sin embargo, se concluye que,
en operaciones de LBO mediante fusión por absorción inversa, los gastos financieros
incurridos por la SPE no cumplen con el principio de causalidad, ya que su finalidad
nunca estuvo orientada a la generación de renta en la sociedad que los contrajo. Por
tanto, dichos gastos no resultan deducibles para la sociedad absorbente tras la fusión.
This paper examines the application of the causality principle to the deductibility of financial expenses for income tax purposes in the context of a leveraged buyout (LBO) executed through a reverse merger. The case under consideration involves the leveraged acquisition of a mining company by a special purpose vehicle (SPV), which secured financing to acquire shares in the holding company of the target. Subsequently, both the SPV and the holding company were merged into the operating company via a reverse merger. The central issue concerns the Tax Administration (SUNAT) disallowing the deduction of interest expenses assumed by the absorbing company. SUNAT argues that these expenses do not satisfy the causality principle, as they lack a sufficient nexus to the generation of taxable income or the maintenance of the income source within the absorbing entity. The analysis is grounded in Article 37 of the Peruvian Income Tax Law and relevant Tax Court jurisprudence, which has interpreted the causality principle broadly. According to this interpretation, expenses may be deductible even if they are not directly and immediately related to income generation, provided they contribute to maintaining the income source. Despite this broad interpretation, the conclusion reached is that, in LBO transactions involving reverse mergers, the financial expenses incurred by the SPV do not fulfill the requirements of the causality principle. This is because such expenses are merely instrumental and are not incurred with the purpose of generating income. As a result, these expenses are not deductible by the absorbing company following the merger.
This paper examines the application of the causality principle to the deductibility of financial expenses for income tax purposes in the context of a leveraged buyout (LBO) executed through a reverse merger. The case under consideration involves the leveraged acquisition of a mining company by a special purpose vehicle (SPV), which secured financing to acquire shares in the holding company of the target. Subsequently, both the SPV and the holding company were merged into the operating company via a reverse merger. The central issue concerns the Tax Administration (SUNAT) disallowing the deduction of interest expenses assumed by the absorbing company. SUNAT argues that these expenses do not satisfy the causality principle, as they lack a sufficient nexus to the generation of taxable income or the maintenance of the income source within the absorbing entity. The analysis is grounded in Article 37 of the Peruvian Income Tax Law and relevant Tax Court jurisprudence, which has interpreted the causality principle broadly. According to this interpretation, expenses may be deductible even if they are not directly and immediately related to income generation, provided they contribute to maintaining the income source. Despite this broad interpretation, the conclusion reached is that, in LBO transactions involving reverse mergers, the financial expenses incurred by the SPV do not fulfill the requirements of the causality principle. This is because such expenses are merely instrumental and are not incurred with the purpose of generating income. As a result, these expenses are not deductible by the absorbing company following the merger.
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Causalidad (Derecho), Impuesto a la renta--Perú, Compra apalancada--Legislación--Perú, Sociedades--Legislación--Perú
