Plan estratégico de marketing para el desarrollo del turismo arqueológico receptivo en la ruta Nasca
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2017-03-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
En los últimos años el sector turístico se ha diversificado y evolucionado de una forma
considerable con el fin de satisfacer la expectativa de un turista cada vez más exigente y
especializado. Es así que actualmente dentro del segmento de turismo cultural (TC), en el Perú
encontramos al turismo arqueológico (TA), que representa el 54% de participación del flujo
turístico (PromPerú, 2015).
Debemos resaltar que a pesar de que el Perú posee una riqueza ingente y diversa en
cuanto a recursos arqueológicos, solo la región Cusco ha captado la mayor atención, gracias a su
principal atractivo turístico, el Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu. Dicho recurso turístico
goza de una gran publicidad y promoción brindada por el Estado Peruano, que constituyen una
ventaja con la que no cuentan otros atractivos turísticos del país.
Uno de estos recursos turísticos con mucho potencial que sin embargo no recibe el mismo
nivel de promoción, es el caso de las “Líneas de Nasca”, ubicadas en el departamento de Ica,
provincia de Nasca, destino en el que se centrará la presente investigación. De acuerdo a
Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo (Mincetur) (2015) dicho recurso lograría
posicionarse como un destino alternativo de TA en el Perú a corto plazo. Sin embargo, dicho
posicionamiento aún no se está desarrollado adecuadamente, es decir, no reúne los componentes
que el turista actual espera en su visita como son: mezcla de arqueología, aventura y ecología,
interacción del turista y una experiencia única (PromPerú, 2015), sumando a esto la ausencia de
políticas estatales que aporten a dicho posicionamiento y conservación como destino turístico.
Por ello, se ha elaborado el presente plan de estratégico de Marketing, que plantea los
siguientes objetivos:
A largo plazo, posicionar a la ruta Nasca como uno de los tres principales destinos en TA
para el 2025 en Sudamérica, consolidando al recurso arqueológico “Las líneas de Nasca”, como
una alternativa de TA adicional a Machu Picchu. Esto obedece a los objetivos:
a) Desarrollar la sostenibilidad del TA en la región de Nasca, aprovechando la actual
saturación que existe actualmente en Machu Picchu (Reaño, 2013) y
b) Buscar diversificar la oferta de TA en Perú, descentralizando el turismo nacional
supeditado actualmente al departamento de Cusco.
A corto plazo, se diseñarán y ofrecerán productos turísticos con un concepto distinto a los
productos existentes actualmente, los cual combinen arqueología, aventura y ecología en la ruta
Nasca. Para esto se propone desarrollar diferentes estrategias que contengan los siguientes
componentes: a) Innovación, adicionando a la oferta TA los componentes de aventura y
ecología, b) Especialización, poniendo énfasis en la capacitación constante al talento humano
encargado de ofrecer el paquete turístico al cliente y e) Relación Excelencia-Precio,
incrementando la calidad de los servicios ofrecidos a un precio competitivo considerando el
mercado actual.
La conformación de la Ruta Nasca propuesta está dirigida a las autoridades
gubernamentales de la provincia de Nasca y del departamento de Ica, como una novedosa
propuesta turística de inversión que integra los distintos destinos turísticos de la provincia en un
circuito atractivo para el turista extranjero, partiendo del patrimonio arqueológico de Nasca y
cohesionándolo con destinos culturales y de aventura. Esta propuesta buscar brindar un estándar
en producto y calidad de este para las agencias turísticas de la provincia, como se explicará más
adelante.
Finalmente, debemos aclarar que los paquetes turísticos que conforman la ruta Nasca,
desarrollados y ofrecidos en este plan estratégico, deberán estar alineados de acuerdo al Plan
Nacional de Calidad Turística del Perú (CALTUR).
In recent years, the tourism industry has diversified and evolved a considerable way in order to meet the expectations of an increasingly demanding and specialized tourist. So is currently in the segment of cultural tourism (TC), in Peru we find the archaeological tourism (TA), which represents 54% share of the tourist flow (PromPeru, 2015). We must emphasize that although Peru has an enormous wealth and diverse in terms of archaeological resources, only the Cusco region has attracted the most attention, thanks to its main attraction, the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Such tourist resort enjoys great publicity and promotion provided by the Peruvian State, which constitutes an advantage which is not available other tourist attractions of the country. One of these tourism resources with great potential not yet received the same level of promotion, is the case of the "Nasca Lines", located in the department of Ica, province of Nasca, destination where this research will focus. According to Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (Mincetur) (2015) it achieved this resource position itself as an alternative destination in Peru TA short term. However, this positioning still not being adequately developed, ie, does not meet the components that the current tourist waiting on your visit as: mixture of archeology, adventure and ecology, interaction of tourists and a unique experience (PromPeru, 2015), adding to this the absence of state policies that contribute to this positioning and conservation as a tourist destination. Therefore, it has prepared this Strategic Marketing plan, which has the following objectives: In the long run, position the Nasca route as one of the top three destinations in TA 2025 in South America, consolidating the archaeological resource "Nasca Lines" as an alternative to Machu Picchu additional TA. This is because the objectives: a) Develop sustainability of TA in the Nasca region, taking advantage of the current saturation that currently exists in Machu Picchu (Reaño, 2013) and b) Find diversify the supply of TA in Peru, currently the subject decentralizing national tourism department of Cusco. In the short term, they will be designed and offer a different tourism products to existing products at present, which combine archeology, adventure and ecology in the Nasca route concept. For this it is proposed to develop different strategies containing the following components: a) Innovation, adding to supply TA components adventure and ecology, b) Specialization emphasis on ongoing training human talent in charge of offering the tour package customer e) Relationship Excellence-Price, increasing the quality of services offered at a competitive price considering the current market. The formation of the Nasca path proposal is addressed to government authorities in the province of Nasca and Ica, as a new tourist investment proposal that integrates the various tourist destinations in the province in an attractive circuit for foreign tourists, starting the archaeological heritage of Nasca and gather with cultural and adventure destinations. This proposal seeks to provide a standard and quality of this product for tourist agencies in the province, as will be explained later. Finally, we must clarify that the tour packages that make up the Nasca, route developed and offered in this strategic plan must be aligned according to the National Plan for Quality of Peru (Caltur).
In recent years, the tourism industry has diversified and evolved a considerable way in order to meet the expectations of an increasingly demanding and specialized tourist. So is currently in the segment of cultural tourism (TC), in Peru we find the archaeological tourism (TA), which represents 54% share of the tourist flow (PromPeru, 2015). We must emphasize that although Peru has an enormous wealth and diverse in terms of archaeological resources, only the Cusco region has attracted the most attention, thanks to its main attraction, the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Such tourist resort enjoys great publicity and promotion provided by the Peruvian State, which constitutes an advantage which is not available other tourist attractions of the country. One of these tourism resources with great potential not yet received the same level of promotion, is the case of the "Nasca Lines", located in the department of Ica, province of Nasca, destination where this research will focus. According to Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (Mincetur) (2015) it achieved this resource position itself as an alternative destination in Peru TA short term. However, this positioning still not being adequately developed, ie, does not meet the components that the current tourist waiting on your visit as: mixture of archeology, adventure and ecology, interaction of tourists and a unique experience (PromPeru, 2015), adding to this the absence of state policies that contribute to this positioning and conservation as a tourist destination. Therefore, it has prepared this Strategic Marketing plan, which has the following objectives: In the long run, position the Nasca route as one of the top three destinations in TA 2025 in South America, consolidating the archaeological resource "Nasca Lines" as an alternative to Machu Picchu additional TA. This is because the objectives: a) Develop sustainability of TA in the Nasca region, taking advantage of the current saturation that currently exists in Machu Picchu (Reaño, 2013) and b) Find diversify the supply of TA in Peru, currently the subject decentralizing national tourism department of Cusco. In the short term, they will be designed and offer a different tourism products to existing products at present, which combine archeology, adventure and ecology in the Nasca route concept. For this it is proposed to develop different strategies containing the following components: a) Innovation, adding to supply TA components adventure and ecology, b) Specialization emphasis on ongoing training human talent in charge of offering the tour package customer e) Relationship Excellence-Price, increasing the quality of services offered at a competitive price considering the current market. The formation of the Nasca path proposal is addressed to government authorities in the province of Nasca and Ica, as a new tourist investment proposal that integrates the various tourist destinations in the province in an attractive circuit for foreign tourists, starting the archaeological heritage of Nasca and gather with cultural and adventure destinations. This proposal seeks to provide a standard and quality of this product for tourist agencies in the province, as will be explained later. Finally, we must clarify that the tour packages that make up the Nasca, route developed and offered in this strategic plan must be aligned according to the National Plan for Quality of Peru (Caltur).
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