Relaciones de raza y clase en relación a momentos de ruptura y resolución en un proceso de terapia psicoanalítica focal con una mujer violentada
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2024-07-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El propósito del presente estudio fue comprender y analizar el lugar que tienen las
relaciones de poder de clase y raza en los episodios de ruptura y resolución de la alianza
terapéutica durante una sesión de la primera fase de un proceso de psicoterapia
psicoanalítica breve con una mujer violentada. Para ese fin se identificaron y analizaron
los episodios de ruptura y resolución en base al Manual de Ruptura y Resolución
(Eubanks, Muran y Safran, 2015), y se analizó la sesión y los episodios encontrados bajo
la mirada del análisis del discurso con enfoque crítico (Fairclough, 1992, 1995, 2013;
Zavala, 2012). Los resultados encontrados muestran que la paciente, a través de su
narración, fue dando cuenta de diversas identidades que la identifican en el espacio
terapéutico como mujer, madre, migrante, persona “no blanca” y pobre. Estas identidades
fueron presentadas ante el terapeuta, que pudo ser percibido por la paciente con ciertos
privilegios que podrían generar en ella admiración, y al mismo tiempo una sensación de
distancia que desencadenó cierta tensión durante la sesión analizada. Se encontró que esta
tensión se tradujo en momentos de ruptura de la alianza terapéutica que se manifestó
cuando la díada transitó entre abordar o ignorar el lugar que tiene la raza como indicador
de diferencias entre ellos o confrontar las dudas de la paciente sobre la capacidad del
terapeuta de entender sus condiciones socioeconómicas. Finalmente, se pudo discutir la
relevancia que puede tener la implementación de parte del terapeuta de estrategias de
resolución que generen y propongan alternativas a dinámicas de opresión que se pueden
escenificar en el espacio terapéutico influenciadas por las diferencias socioculturales que
emergen entre los participantes de la diada.
The aim of this study was to comprehend and analyze the role of class and race power relations in rupture and resolution episodes of the therapeutic alliance during the first phase session of a brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy process with a woman victim of domestic violence. For that purpose, rupture and resolution episodes were identified and analyzed using the Rupture-Resolution Rating System (3RS) (Eubanks, Safran & Muran, 2015), and the session and episodes found were analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis guidelines and tools (Fairclough, 1992, 1995, 2013; Zavala, 2012). It was found that the patient, through her narrative, was giving account of various identities that identify her in the therapeutic space as a woman, mother, migrant, "non-white" person and poor. These identities were presented to the therapist, who could be perceived by the patient with certain privileges, which could generate admiration and, at the same time, a sense of distance that triggered some tension during the analyzed session. It was found that this tension was translated into rupture moments of the therapeutic alliance, which manifested itself when the dyad was silently negotiating if addressing or ignoring the importance of race as an indicator of differences between them, or confronting the patient's doubts about the therapist's ability to understand her socioeconomic conditions. Finally, it was possible to discuss the relevance of the therapist's implementation of resolution strategies that generate and propose alternatives to oppressive dynamics that can be recreated in the therapeutic space influenced by the sociocultural differences that emerge between the dyad.
The aim of this study was to comprehend and analyze the role of class and race power relations in rupture and resolution episodes of the therapeutic alliance during the first phase session of a brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy process with a woman victim of domestic violence. For that purpose, rupture and resolution episodes were identified and analyzed using the Rupture-Resolution Rating System (3RS) (Eubanks, Safran & Muran, 2015), and the session and episodes found were analyzed using Critical Discourse Analysis guidelines and tools (Fairclough, 1992, 1995, 2013; Zavala, 2012). It was found that the patient, through her narrative, was giving account of various identities that identify her in the therapeutic space as a woman, mother, migrant, "non-white" person and poor. These identities were presented to the therapist, who could be perceived by the patient with certain privileges, which could generate admiration and, at the same time, a sense of distance that triggered some tension during the analyzed session. It was found that this tension was translated into rupture moments of the therapeutic alliance, which manifested itself when the dyad was silently negotiating if addressing or ignoring the importance of race as an indicator of differences between them, or confronting the patient's doubts about the therapist's ability to understand her socioeconomic conditions. Finally, it was possible to discuss the relevance of the therapist's implementation of resolution strategies that generate and propose alternatives to oppressive dynamics that can be recreated in the therapeutic space influenced by the sociocultural differences that emerge between the dyad.
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Violencia contra la mujer--Perú--Lima--Aspectos psicológicos, Psicoterapia--Investigaciones, Poder