Informe jurídico sobre la Casación laboral Nº9021-2019-Callao: vulneración del derecho fundamental de la libertad sindical
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La libertad sindical es un derecho fundamental que garantiza a los trabajadores
un medio para la protección de sus intereses laborales y mejorar sus condiciones
de trabajo. Se encuentra consagrado en nuestra Constitución (artículo 28,
numeral 1) y normas internacionales (Convenio N° 87 de la OIT) adoptadas por
el Perú, las cuales imponen al Estado la obligación de garantizar su ejercicio.
A pesar de su reconocimiento a nivel nacional y supranacional, en vía judicial se
emiten pronunciamientos que restringen el ejercicio efectivo de este derecho. Es
el caso de la Casación Laboral N° 9021-2019-CALLAO, la cual, mediante una
interpretación restrictiva de derechos fundamentales del artículo 8 de la Nueva
Ley Procesal del Trabajo (NLPT) se negó la legitimidad procesal de la
Federación Nacional de Trabajadores Textiles del Perú (FNTTP) para
representar a un trabajador textil afiliado directamente a ella. Se aplicó un criterio
de limitación de facultades de representación de la Federación con base en su
naturaleza de organización sindical de segundo grado, señalando que los
facultados para ello son las organizaciones sindicales de primer grado, por tener
como afiliados a trabajadores individuales.
La finalidad del presente trabajo es evidenciar que este criterio vulnera el
contenido esencial de la libertad sindical y la normativa internacional ratificada
por el Perú que tutela este derecho. Finalmente, se mostrará cual es el criterio
interpretativo que, en respeto de la normativa nacional e internacional, se debió
usar para proteger la Libertad Sindical.
Freedom of association is a fundamental right that guarantees workers a means to protect their labor interests and improve their working conditions. It is enshrined in the Peruvian Constitution (Article 28, paragraph 1) and in international standards (ILO Convention No. 87) adopted by Peru, which impose on the State the obligation to ensure its effective exercise. Despite its recognition at both national and supranational levels, judicial rulings continue to be issued that restrict the effective exercise of this right. Such is the case of Labor Cassation No. 9021-2019-CALLAO, which, through a restrictive interpretation of fundamental rights under Article 8 of the New Labor Procedural Law (NLPL), denied legal standing to the National Federation of Textile Workers of Peru (FNTTP) to represent a textile worker directly affiliated with it. The ruling applied a criterion limiting the representative capacity of the Federation based on its status as a second-level trade union organization, asserting that only first-level organizations, whose members are individual workers, have such standing. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that this interpretative criterion infringes upon the essential content of freedom of association and violates international standards ratified by Peru that protect this right. Finally, it will be argued which interpretive approach should have been applied in order to safeguard freedom of association in accordance with both national and international legal frameworks.
Freedom of association is a fundamental right that guarantees workers a means to protect their labor interests and improve their working conditions. It is enshrined in the Peruvian Constitution (Article 28, paragraph 1) and in international standards (ILO Convention No. 87) adopted by Peru, which impose on the State the obligation to ensure its effective exercise. Despite its recognition at both national and supranational levels, judicial rulings continue to be issued that restrict the effective exercise of this right. Such is the case of Labor Cassation No. 9021-2019-CALLAO, which, through a restrictive interpretation of fundamental rights under Article 8 of the New Labor Procedural Law (NLPL), denied legal standing to the National Federation of Textile Workers of Peru (FNTTP) to represent a textile worker directly affiliated with it. The ruling applied a criterion limiting the representative capacity of the Federation based on its status as a second-level trade union organization, asserting that only first-level organizations, whose members are individual workers, have such standing. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that this interpretative criterion infringes upon the essential content of freedom of association and violates international standards ratified by Peru that protect this right. Finally, it will be argued which interpretive approach should have been applied in order to safeguard freedom of association in accordance with both national and international legal frameworks.
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Perú. Corte Suprema de Justicia--Jurisprudencia, Recurso de casación--Jurisprudencia--Perú--Callao, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Libertad sindical--Perú
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