Estudio de caso de un niño de 2 años 6 meses con retraso de lenguaje
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Date
2021-06-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El lenguaje es una capacidad que posee el ser humano para comprender y expresar sus sentimientos,
necesidades y experiencias. A su vez, es un medio fundamental para el desarrollo cognoscitivo y social. Se
adquiere los primeros años de vida, y sigue su desarrollo en las siguientes etapas evolutivas, considerándose
con el intercambio que se da en las relaciones entre el niño y su entorno inmediato. Sin embargo, hoy en día
se observa que los niños van presentando dificultades en la adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje. El retraso es
un desfase en su perfil lingüístico, que afecta los procesos del lenguaje: comprensivo y expresivo. El objetivo
del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un plan de evalucación e intervención acorde a las necesidades que
presenta un niño de 2 años y 6 meses con retraso de lenguaje. Se sigue los procedimientos, técnicas y
estrategias del modelo híbrido para estimular conductas lingüísticas de forma espontánea. Considerando estos
principios para la intervención es que se evidencia un incremento del vocabulario comprensivo y expresivo
referido a las categorías semánticas: alimentos, prendas de vestir, objetos de la casa y acciones. Además,
responde preguntas cerradas de afirmación, negación y con los encabezadores básicos: ¿Qué?, ¿Quién? Y
¿Dónde? .Se afianzó el seguimiento de instrucciones simples con acciones directas que se realizan en su actuar
diario, además se continúa con el refuerzo en indicaciones que lleven una acción más una denominación de
lugar. También logró la ampliación de sus frases y la verbalización de oraciones simples con una estructura
SVO con apoyo. Se concluye que el plan de intervención aplicado permitió obtener avances en los componentes
léxico semántico y morfosintáctico.
The language is a capacity that humans possess to understand and express their feelings, needs and experiences. At the same time, is a crucial mean for the cognitive and social development. Acquired in the first years, and follows its development in the next evolutionary stages, considering itself with the exchange that occurs in the relationship between the child and his environment. However nowadays, it observes that children are presenting difficulties in the development and adquisition of the language. The delay is a gap of his linguistic profile, that affect the language process: comprehensive and expressive. The objective of the present study of this case is to design a plan of evaluation and intervention according to the needs that a two year and six-month old boy with language delay. Following the procedures, techniques and strategies of the hybrid model to stimulate linguistic behaviors in a spontaneous way. Considering these principles for the intervention is that there is an evidence of increasing of the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary referred to the semantic categories such as: food, clothing, objects of the house and actions. Besides, he answers affirmative and negative questions and basic headers such as: What, Who, and Where. It reinforced the follow up simple instructions with direct actions that are carried out in his daily routines, besides it continues at the reinforcement in indications that carry out an action plus a denomination of place. Also he achieved the extension of his phrases and the verbalization of simple sentences with the support of a SVO structure. We conclude that the plan of intervention applied let us obtain advances in the semantic lexical and morphosyntactic components.
The language is a capacity that humans possess to understand and express their feelings, needs and experiences. At the same time, is a crucial mean for the cognitive and social development. Acquired in the first years, and follows its development in the next evolutionary stages, considering itself with the exchange that occurs in the relationship between the child and his environment. However nowadays, it observes that children are presenting difficulties in the development and adquisition of the language. The delay is a gap of his linguistic profile, that affect the language process: comprehensive and expressive. The objective of the present study of this case is to design a plan of evaluation and intervention according to the needs that a two year and six-month old boy with language delay. Following the procedures, techniques and strategies of the hybrid model to stimulate linguistic behaviors in a spontaneous way. Considering these principles for the intervention is that there is an evidence of increasing of the comprehensive and expressive vocabulary referred to the semantic categories such as: food, clothing, objects of the house and actions. Besides, he answers affirmative and negative questions and basic headers such as: What, Who, and Where. It reinforced the follow up simple instructions with direct actions that are carried out in his daily routines, besides it continues at the reinforcement in indications that carry out an action plus a denomination of place. Also he achieved the extension of his phrases and the verbalization of simple sentences with the support of a SVO structure. We conclude that the plan of intervention applied let us obtain advances in the semantic lexical and morphosyntactic components.
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Keywords
Trastornos del habla en niños, Niños--Lenguaje