Long-term variability, extremes and changes in temperature and hydrometeorology in the Amazon region: A review; Variabilidade de longo prazo, extremos e mudanças de temperatura e hidrometeorologia na Região Amazônica: Uma revisão

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dc.contributor.affiliationInstituto de Investigación sobre Enseñanza de las Matemáticas (IREM-PUCP)
dc.contributor.authorMarengo, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorEspinoza, J.-C.
dc.contributor.authorFu, R.
dc.contributor.authorJiménez-Muñoz, J.C.
dc.contributor.authorAlves, L.M.
dc.contributor.authorda Rocha, H.R.
dc.contributor.authorSchöngart, J.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-13T16:57:48Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT This review discusses observed hydroclimatic trends and future climate projections for the Amazon. Warming over this region is a fact, but the magnitude of the warming trend varies depending on the datasets and length of the analyzed period. The warming trend has been more evident since 1980 and has further enhanced since 2000. Long-term trends in climate and hydrology are assessed. Various studies have reported an intensification of the hydrological cycle and a lengthening of the dry season in the southern Amazon. Changes in floods and droughts, mainly due to natural climate variability and land use change, are also assessed. For instance, in the first half of the 20th century, extreme flood events occurred every 20 years. Since 2000, there has been one severe flood every four years. During the last four decades, the northern Amazon has experienced enhanced convective activity and rainfall, in contrast to decreases in convection and rainfall in the southern Amazon. Climate change in the Amazon will have impacts at regional and global scales. Significant reductions in rainfall are projected for the eastern Amazon.
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding: This work was supported by the National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change Phase 2, funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq grant # 465501/2014-1, Fundacão de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo FAPESP grants # 2014/50848-9, #2015/50122-0, #2015/03804-9, and #2017/09659-6; e da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES grant #88887.136402-00INCT. This study derives from the Newton Fund (UK) through the collaboration between the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00F4nia INPA, o Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN, and the United Kingdom Met Office for the Climate Science for Service Partnership Brazil (UKCSSP Brazil). Additional funding came from the AMANECER-MOPGA project funded by ANR and IRD (France) (ref. ANR18-MPGA-0008), the PELD-MAUA Project, funded by CNPq/MCTI/CONFAP-FAPs/PELD (grant # 441811/2020-5), and the CAPES/ANA project # 88887.144979/2017-00. Lastly, we the authors take the opportunity to pay our respect and tribute to Dr. Thomas Lovejoy and Dr. Eneas Salati, two of the most important scientists working on ecology and climate of the Amazon region; Mr. Gérard Moss, one of the idealizers of the Rios Voadores project. They will be missed by the entire scientific community working on Amazon issues.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202200980
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14657/205670
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia
dc.relation.ispartofurn:issn:0044-5967
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.sourceActa Amazonica; Vol. 54, Núm. spe1 (2024)
dc.subjectAmazon rainforest
dc.subjectHydrometeorology
dc.subjectClimatology
dc.subjectFlood myth
dc.subjectClimate change
dc.subjectEnvironmental science
dc.subjectGlobal warming
dc.subjectWater cycle
dc.subjectGeography
dc.subjectDry season
dc.subjectPhysical geography
dc.subjectPrecipitation
dc.subjectMeteorology
dc.subjectEcology
dc.subjectGeology
dc.subject.ocdehttps://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.08
dc.titleLong-term variability, extremes and changes in temperature and hydrometeorology in the Amazon region: A review; Variabilidade de longo prazo, extremos e mudanças de temperatura e hidrometeorologia na Região Amazônica: Uma revisão
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.otherArtículo
dc.type.versionhttps://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/version_types/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85/

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