La pasivización en la afasia de Broca, ¿un problema de pérdida de conocimiento o de procesamiento?
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2023-11-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio evalúa la comprensión de construcciones pasivas en una paciente con afasia de Broca. Esta etiología está estrechamente vinculada con los agramatismos de tipo expresivo (principalmente), pero también comprensivo. Entre estos últimos, la literatura indica que las oraciones canónicas de tipo SVO (sujeto-verbo-objeto) están mejor preservadas que otras que implican movimiento (p. ej., las oraciones pasivas, las de objeto antepuesto, las relativas de objeto, etc.). Para explicar esta asimetría se han postulado múltiples hipótesis que se alimentan de las teorías lingüísticas. Una de las hipótesis más influyentes es la TBA (Trace Based Account, Grodzinsky 1995a, 1995b). Esta postula que los agramatismos en este tipo de construcciones se deben a un déficit representacional: la deleción de la traza sintáctica de objeto a sujeto que anula la atribución de roles argumentales, ante lo cual acuden en compensación mecanismos cognitivos (Estrategia R). Sin embargo, esta y otras propuestas enmendativas (la DDH, Hipótesis de Dependencias Dobles, por ejemplo) se encuentran restringidas por su marco teórico (Principios y Parámetros, Chomsky 1981, 1986). En el presente trabajo se confrontan las hipótesis representacionales con las derivacionales (la IFIH, Hipótesis de Déficit de Rasgos Interpretables y la GM, Minimidad Generalizada), estas últimas amparadas en el Programa Minimista (Chomsky 1995, 2001) a partir del análisis de los resultados de la paciente en relación a oraciones pasivas largas, pasivas cortas y pasivas scrambled. Se halló que las hipótesis derivacionales de déficit de procesamiento dan mejor cuenta de los resultados obtenidos. A partir de ello, se extraen consideraciones en torno a la recursión, los agramatismos y el procesamiento gramatical
The present study evaluates the understanding of passive constructions in one patient with Broca's aphasia. This etiology is linked to expressive type agrammatisms (mainly), but also comprehensive. Among the latter, the literature indicates that canonical sentences of the SVO (subject-verb-object) type are better preserved than others that involve movement (for example, passive sentences, prefixed object sentences, object relative sentences, etc.). To explain this asymmetry, multiple hypotheses have been postulated that feed on linguistic theories. One of the most prominent hypotheses is the TBA (Trace Based Account, Grodzinsky 1995a, 1995b). This postulates that the agrammatisms in this type of constructions are due to a representational deficit: the elimination of the syntactic trace from object to subject that annuls the attribution of argument roles, before which cognitive mechanisms come in compensation (Strategy R). However, this and other amending proposals (DDH, Double Dependencies Hypothesis, for example) are restricted by their theoretical framework (Principles and Parameters, Chomsky 1981, 1986). In the present work, the representational hypotheses are compared with the derivational ones (the IFIH, Interpretable Features Impairment Hypothesis and the GM, Generalized Minimity), the latter covered by the Minimist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2001) from the analysis of the results of the patient in relation to long passive, short passive and scrambled passive sentences. It was found that the derivational hypotheses of processing deficit give a better account of the results obtained. From this, considerations about recursion, agrammatisms and grammatical processing are extracted
The present study evaluates the understanding of passive constructions in one patient with Broca's aphasia. This etiology is linked to expressive type agrammatisms (mainly), but also comprehensive. Among the latter, the literature indicates that canonical sentences of the SVO (subject-verb-object) type are better preserved than others that involve movement (for example, passive sentences, prefixed object sentences, object relative sentences, etc.). To explain this asymmetry, multiple hypotheses have been postulated that feed on linguistic theories. One of the most prominent hypotheses is the TBA (Trace Based Account, Grodzinsky 1995a, 1995b). This postulates that the agrammatisms in this type of constructions are due to a representational deficit: the elimination of the syntactic trace from object to subject that annuls the attribution of argument roles, before which cognitive mechanisms come in compensation (Strategy R). However, this and other amending proposals (DDH, Double Dependencies Hypothesis, for example) are restricted by their theoretical framework (Principles and Parameters, Chomsky 1981, 1986). In the present work, the representational hypotheses are compared with the derivational ones (the IFIH, Interpretable Features Impairment Hypothesis and the GM, Generalized Minimity), the latter covered by the Minimist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2001) from the analysis of the results of the patient in relation to long passive, short passive and scrambled passive sentences. It was found that the derivational hypotheses of processing deficit give a better account of the results obtained. From this, considerations about recursion, agrammatisms and grammatical processing are extracted
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Afasia, Trastornos del habla, Niños--Lenguaje
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