Desarrollo de bioplásticos a partir del cactus Echinopsis pachanoi y de algas del litoral peruano
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2023-07-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Actualmente, existe interés en la caracterización de biopolímeros naturales y su uso en el desarrollo de bioplásticos con el fin de sustituir los plásticos derivados del petróleo que son de difícil descomposición o que impactan negativamente el medio ambiente. Este trabajo se centra en la caracterización del mucílago del cactus Echinopsis pachanoi (E. pachanoi) y el desarrollo de bioplásticos a partir del mucílago del E. pachanoi y algas del litoral peruano como son Ulva nematoidea y Chondracanthus chamissoi.
Se desarrolló un proceso efectivo para la obtención del polvo de mucílago de E. pachanoi. Los ensayos FTIR, DSC y TGA permitieron estudiar las características iniciales de dicho biopolímero. Asimismo, los estudios reológicos del gel de E. pachanoi dieron como resultado un comportamiento predominantemente elástico y un comportamiento de deformación reversible.
Se fabricaron films basados en mezclas de mucilago de E. pachanoi, ulva y carragenina. Los principales resultados indicaron que el mucílago promueve, dependiendo del tipo de mezcla, la modificación de las propiedades térmicas y mecánicas de los films. En el caso del film de mucílago con carragenina, se obtiene un material más flexible y de menor resistencia; por el contrario, cuando se mezcla con ulvan se obtiene un material más rígido y resistente.
Los resultados del presente trabajo indican que biopolímeros como el mucílago de E. pachanoi, ulvan y carragenina, que son materiales abundantes, renovables, biodegradables y no tóxicos para el ser humano, pueden ser utilizados para fabricar bioplásticos y, en el futuro, cubrir demandas de coberturas comestibles y otros.
Nowadays, there is interest about natural biopolymers characterization and their use for the development of bioplastic in order to replace petroleum-derived plastics, which are hard to decompose or have negative impact on the environment. This work focuses on the characterization of the mucilage of the cactus Echinopsis pachanoi (E. pachanoi) and development of bioplastics from mucilage E.pachanoi and algae from Peruvian coast such Ulva nematoidea and Chondracanthus chamissoi. An effective process for obtaining E. pachanoi mucilage powder was developed. FTIR, DSC and TGA tests of the mucilage powder allowed to know its initial characteristics. Likewise, the rheological studies of the E. pachanoi gel resulted in a predominantly elastic behavior and reversible deformation. Films based on blends of E. pachanoi mucilage, ulva and carrageenan were made developed. The main results indicated that mucilage promote, depending on the type of the mixture, the modification of the thermic and mechanical properties of the films. In the case of the film of mucilage and carrageenan, a more flexible and less resistant material is obtained; on the contrary, the mixture with ulvan, more rigid and resistant material is obtained. The present work results indicate that biopolymers as E. pachanoi mucilage, carrageenan, which are abundant, renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic materials for humans, can be used to manufacture bioplastics that, in the future, they can cover demands for edible coatings and other uses.
Nowadays, there is interest about natural biopolymers characterization and their use for the development of bioplastic in order to replace petroleum-derived plastics, which are hard to decompose or have negative impact on the environment. This work focuses on the characterization of the mucilage of the cactus Echinopsis pachanoi (E. pachanoi) and development of bioplastics from mucilage E.pachanoi and algae from Peruvian coast such Ulva nematoidea and Chondracanthus chamissoi. An effective process for obtaining E. pachanoi mucilage powder was developed. FTIR, DSC and TGA tests of the mucilage powder allowed to know its initial characteristics. Likewise, the rheological studies of the E. pachanoi gel resulted in a predominantly elastic behavior and reversible deformation. Films based on blends of E. pachanoi mucilage, ulva and carrageenan were made developed. The main results indicated that mucilage promote, depending on the type of the mixture, the modification of the thermic and mechanical properties of the films. In the case of the film of mucilage and carrageenan, a more flexible and less resistant material is obtained; on the contrary, the mixture with ulvan, more rigid and resistant material is obtained. The present work results indicate that biopolymers as E. pachanoi mucilage, carrageenan, which are abundant, renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic materials for humans, can be used to manufacture bioplastics that, in the future, they can cover demands for edible coatings and other uses.
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Biopolímeros, Productos naturales, Plásticos--Aspectos ambientales
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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