Estudio experimental y numérico en elementos discretos de muros de contención de piedra de junta seca (pircas) de Perú. Consideraciones para mejorar las prácticas constructivas
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2024-02-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En las laderas de Lima, la falta de iniciativas de planificación urbana ha llevado a la construcción de viviendas
sobre rellenos contenidos por muros tradicionales de contención de piedra de junta seca, conocidos como
pircas. Estas estructuras son precarias e inestables, y presentan un alto riesgo ante posibles sismos. La
investigación se enfoca en analizar la influencia del proceso constructivo (configuración) de las pircas en su
desempeño sísmico fuera del plano, con el objetivo de mejorar las prácticas constructivas actuales. Para ello,
se realizaron estudios experimentales a escala natural y modelación numérica utilizando el Método de los
Elementos Discretos (DEM). Para los modelos numéricos se utilizó el software de código abierto YADE. Se
realizó una campaña experimental pseudo-estática de tres configuraciones de muro (3 especímenes por
configuración). Los resultados numéricos y experimentales pseudo-estáticos mostraron la misma tendencia.
Por otro lado, también se analizó el efecto de la configuración de las pircas en su desempeño mediante el
estudio numérico dinámico. Este enfoque se comparó con el enfoque pseudo-estático y se obtuvo lo
conservador que es un enfoque en comparación con el otro. Por último, con base en los resultados obtenidos,
se brindó algunas recomendaciones para construir pircas y mejorar su desempeño actual. Se ha comprobado
que la técnica de construcción actual puede mejorarse utilizando regularmente los through-stones y
considerando una sección transversal con traslape. Se logró un aumento de hasta el 50% de la resistencia
lateral, lo que verifica la eficacia de los through-stones.
On the slopes of Lima, the lack of urban planning initiatives has led to the construction of houses on landfills contained by traditional dry stone retaining walls, known as pircas. These structures are precarious, presenting a high risk of earthquakes. The research focuses on analyzing the influence of the constructive process (configuration) of the pircas on their seismic performance out of the plane, intending to improve current construction practices. For this purpose, experimental studies were carried out at a natural scale and numerical modeling using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The open-source software YADE was used for the numerical models. A pseudo-static experimental campaign of three wall configurations (3 specimens per configuration) was carried out. The numerical and pseudo-static experimental results showed the same trend. On the other hand, the effect of the configuration of the pircas on their performance was also analyzed through dynamic numerical study. This approach was compared with the pseudo-static approach, and how conservative one approach is compared to the other was obtained. Finally, based on the results, some recommendations were provided for building pircas and improving their performance. It has been proven that the current construction technique can be improved by regularly using through-stones and considering an overlapped transverse section. An increase of up to 50% in lateral resistance was achieved, verifying the through-stones' effectiveness.
On the slopes of Lima, the lack of urban planning initiatives has led to the construction of houses on landfills contained by traditional dry stone retaining walls, known as pircas. These structures are precarious, presenting a high risk of earthquakes. The research focuses on analyzing the influence of the constructive process (configuration) of the pircas on their seismic performance out of the plane, intending to improve current construction practices. For this purpose, experimental studies were carried out at a natural scale and numerical modeling using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The open-source software YADE was used for the numerical models. A pseudo-static experimental campaign of three wall configurations (3 specimens per configuration) was carried out. The numerical and pseudo-static experimental results showed the same trend. On the other hand, the effect of the configuration of the pircas on their performance was also analyzed through dynamic numerical study. This approach was compared with the pseudo-static approach, and how conservative one approach is compared to the other was obtained. Finally, based on the results, some recommendations were provided for building pircas and improving their performance. It has been proven that the current construction technique can be improved by regularly using through-stones and considering an overlapped transverse section. An increase of up to 50% in lateral resistance was achieved, verifying the through-stones' effectiveness.
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Construcciones de piedra--Evaluación, Método de elementos discretos, Muros de contención--Evaluación
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