Análisis de la coordinación e intervención del órgano policial y no policiales del Sector Interior en el conflicto socioambiental, caso Pichanaki periodo 2014 – 2015
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2019-08-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La actividad minera desde la última década del siglo pasado ha estado en una fase
expansiva, tanto en zonas mineras antiguas y nuevas, implicando ello una demanda en
el control de tierras, recursos hídricos, originando conflictos socioambientales. El
discurso de mayor aceptación, es que estos afectan al orden público y la gobernabilidad,
conllevando ello a que el Sector Interior a través de la Policía Nacional del Perú y en
cumplimiento de sus funciones mantenga o restaure el orden, para lo cual, en ciertas
situaciones recurre al uso de la fuerza policial, con posibilidades de generar un costo
social.
El presente estudio de caso es una investigación descriptiva y analítica desde la
metodología cualitativa, esbozándose como objetivo comprender los procedimientos de
coordinación e intervención del órgano policial y no policiales del Sector del Interior en
el conflicto sociambiental del caso Pichanaki, periodo 2014 – 2015. En el caso de la
Policía Nacional del Perú su acción se enmarcó desde el inicio del conflicto, con
estrategias de comunicación, diálogo, negociación, planes y órdenes de operaciones, y
sus dispositivos normativos; y en el caso de los órganos no policiales, el Gobernador de
Pichanaki y el Comisionado para la Paz y el Desarrollo de la selva central, recurrieron a
los mecanismos de prevención, herramientas informales y el trabajo político; asimismo,
para el diseño de la estrategia de intervención sectorial, los órganos del sector
coordinaron con la Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros desde el enfoque preventivo,
incluso, la transversalidad o redes de éstas alcanzó a otras instituciones públicas y
privadas, y organizaciones sociales de la selva central para limitar la influencia del
Frente de Defensa Ambiental de Pichanaki; no obstante, estas no fueron suficientes
para evitar las manifestaciones violentas y su correlato costo, al no ser complementadas
por otros sectores durante el escalamiento del conflicto, y la ausencia de una estructura
nacional de gestión.
Since the last decade, mining activity has been in the expanding phase, both in old and new mining areas, involving a demand in the control over lands, water resources causing socio-environmental conflicts. The speech with more acceptances is that those affect public order and governance, leading the Interior Sector through the Peruvian National Police in compliance with its duties to maintain or restore the order for which in certain circumstances the police force is used with the possibility to generate a social cost. The current study is a descriptive, analytical research from the qualitative methodology, having as an objective to understand the coordination and intervention procedures of the National Police and non-police body of Interior Sector in the socio-environment conflict in the Pichanaki case during the years 2014-2015. In case of the Peruvian National Police, its action was, since the beginning of the conflict, established communication strategies, dialogue, negotiation, projects, operations and normative statuaries. As for the non-police bodies, the Governor of Pichanaki and Commission for the Peace and Development of Central Forest resorted to prevention mechanisms, informal and political work; also, the design of sectoral intervention strategy was coordinated with the Presidency of the Council of Ministers from the preventive approach, even though, the mainstreaming of this reached Private and Public Bodies, social organizations in the Central Forest to restrict the influence of Pichanaki Environmental Defense Coalition (Frente de Defensa Ambiental de Pichanaki). Nevertheless, those actions were not enough to avoid the violent manifestations and its correlate cost due to the lack of support by other sectors during the conflict and the absence of national management structure.
Since the last decade, mining activity has been in the expanding phase, both in old and new mining areas, involving a demand in the control over lands, water resources causing socio-environmental conflicts. The speech with more acceptances is that those affect public order and governance, leading the Interior Sector through the Peruvian National Police in compliance with its duties to maintain or restore the order for which in certain circumstances the police force is used with the possibility to generate a social cost. The current study is a descriptive, analytical research from the qualitative methodology, having as an objective to understand the coordination and intervention procedures of the National Police and non-police body of Interior Sector in the socio-environment conflict in the Pichanaki case during the years 2014-2015. In case of the Peruvian National Police, its action was, since the beginning of the conflict, established communication strategies, dialogue, negotiation, projects, operations and normative statuaries. As for the non-police bodies, the Governor of Pichanaki and Commission for the Peace and Development of Central Forest resorted to prevention mechanisms, informal and political work; also, the design of sectoral intervention strategy was coordinated with the Presidency of the Council of Ministers from the preventive approach, even though, the mainstreaming of this reached Private and Public Bodies, social organizations in the Central Forest to restrict the influence of Pichanaki Environmental Defense Coalition (Frente de Defensa Ambiental de Pichanaki). Nevertheless, those actions were not enough to avoid the violent manifestations and its correlate cost due to the lack of support by other sectors during the conflict and the absence of national management structure.
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Policía Nacional (Perú), Industria minera--Aspectos sociales--Perú--Pichanaki (Junín : Distrito), Conflicto social--Perú--Pichanaki (Junín : Distrito), Orden público--Perú--Pichanaki (Junín : Distrito)
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