El problema de la subdeterminación para el internalismo idealizado
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2024-09-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una nueva objeción contra el internalismo
idealizado. Según el internalismo idealizado, tenemos razones para actuar conforme a lo que
desearíamos en condiciones ideales (o a lo que nuestra contraparte ideal desearía que
hagamos). Este trabajo sostiene que existen múltiples formas coherentes pero mutuamente
excluyentes de idealizar los deseos de un agente, por lo cual el conjunto de deseos de un
agente se encuentra racionalmente subdeterminado. En primer lugar, se argumenta que el
internalismo idealizado no es capaz de encontrar un criterio no arbitrario para resolver el
problema de la subdeterminación. Por un lado, los agentes actuales no pueden resolver el
conflicto entre sus contrapartes ideales ya que no tienen acceso epistémico a ellas desde su
perspectiva actual. Por otro lado, no es viable resolver los conflictos de contrapartes ideales
utilizando promedios, ya que estos arrojan resultados arbitrarios cuando las preferencias de
estas no están ordenadas de manera transitiva. En segundo lugar, se sostiene que el problema
de la subdeterminación es un desafío significativo para el internalismo idealizado. Por un
lado, desafía la fiabilidad del juicio de nuestras contrapartes ideales al ser un caso de
desacuerdo entre pares epistémicos. Por otro lado, existe evidencia empírica que apoya la
idea de que los deseos de, por lo menos, la mayoría de las personas se encuentran
subdeterminados.
This thesis aims to present a new objection against idealized internalism. According to idealized internalism, we have reasons to act according to what we would desire under ideal conditions (or what our ideal counterpart would desire us to do). This thesis argues that there are multiple coherent but mutually exclusive ways of idealizing an agent's desires, thus an agent's set of desires is rationally underdetermined. First, it argues that idealized internalism cannot find a non-arbitrary criterion to resolve conflicts between ideal counterparts. On the one hand, actual agents cannot resolve the conflict between their ideal counterparts since they do not have epistemic access to them from their current perspective. On the other hand, it is not feasible to resolve conflicts of ideal counterparts by using averages, as these yield arbitrary results when the preferences of these counterparts are not transitively ordered. Secondly, it argues that the problem of underdetermination poses a significant challenge to idealized internalism. On the one hand, it challenges the reliability of the judgment of our ideal counterparts as it is an instance of peer disagreement. On the other hand, there is empirical evidence supporting the idea that the desires of, at least, the majority of people are underdetermined.
This thesis aims to present a new objection against idealized internalism. According to idealized internalism, we have reasons to act according to what we would desire under ideal conditions (or what our ideal counterpart would desire us to do). This thesis argues that there are multiple coherent but mutually exclusive ways of idealizing an agent's desires, thus an agent's set of desires is rationally underdetermined. First, it argues that idealized internalism cannot find a non-arbitrary criterion to resolve conflicts between ideal counterparts. On the one hand, actual agents cannot resolve the conflict between their ideal counterparts since they do not have epistemic access to them from their current perspective. On the other hand, it is not feasible to resolve conflicts of ideal counterparts by using averages, as these yield arbitrary results when the preferences of these counterparts are not transitively ordered. Secondly, it argues that the problem of underdetermination poses a significant challenge to idealized internalism. On the one hand, it challenges the reliability of the judgment of our ideal counterparts as it is an instance of peer disagreement. On the other hand, there is empirical evidence supporting the idea that the desires of, at least, the majority of people are underdetermined.
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Racionalidad (Filosofía), Moral, Internalismo (Teoría del conocimiento)
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