La guerra de citas y adjetivos: el Partido Comunista Peruano y la ruptura sino-soviética (1960-1979)
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2024-09-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta tesis analizará la influencia de la ruptura de la alianza entre la Unión
Soviética y la República Popular China entre los años de 1960 y 1979 en el Partido
Comunista Peruano, en tanto parte del movimiento comunista internacional y en el marco
de la guerra fría en Latinoamérica. Se investigará el impacto de los acontecimientos
globales del periodo abarcado, específicamente los hechos relacionados al cisma del
comunismo internacional, en el devenir de las divisiones del Partido Comunista Peruano,
para lo cual se utilizarán fuentes primarias documentales: textos, declaraciones, análisis
y testimonios escritos de los múltiples partidos comunistas escindidos y de sus principales
miembros. En resumidas cuentas, se planteará que el surgimiento del maoísmo como una
corriente alternativa en el comunismo global en desafío a la hegemonía soviética a inicios
de la década de 1960 y su propagación en la izquierda latinoamericana y peruana fue una
de las principales causas de la fragmentación del Partido Comunista Peruano y su
subsecuente debilitamiento a lo largo de las dos décadas siguientes, pero también del
surgimiento de la organización terrorista Partido Comunista del Perú-Sendero Luminoso.
Así, esta tesis espera demostrar cómo la intransigencia de los comunistas peruanos y
extranjeros condenó la revolución anticapitalista y antiimperialista al fracaso y cómo los
conceptos de «revisionismo» e internacionalismo comunista son cruciales para
comprender la suerte del partido de José Carlos Mariátegui.
This thesis will analyze the influence of the breakup of the alliance of the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China between the years of 1960 and 1979 in the Peruvian Communist Party as a part of the international communist movement and in the context of the Cold War in Latin America. It will investigate the impact of the global events in the covered period, specifically those related to the schism of international communism, in the evolution of the breakaway parties of the Peruvian Communist Party. For this purpose, it will use primary documentary sources: texts, declarations, analysis, and written testimonies of the multiple splinter communist parties and their most important members. In summary, it will argue that the rise of Maoism as an alternative current within global communism in defiance of Soviet hegemony in the early 1960s and its spread in the Latin American and Peruvian left was one of the main causes of the fragmentation of the Peruvian Communist Party and its subsequent weakening over the following two decades, but also of the emergence of the terrorist organization Peruvian Communist Party-Shining Path. Thus, this thesis aims to demonstrate how the intransigence of the Peruvian and foreign communists doomed the anticapitalistic and antiimperialist revolution and how the concepts of «revisionism» and communist internationalism are crucial to understand the fate of José Carlos Mariátegui’s party.
This thesis will analyze the influence of the breakup of the alliance of the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China between the years of 1960 and 1979 in the Peruvian Communist Party as a part of the international communist movement and in the context of the Cold War in Latin America. It will investigate the impact of the global events in the covered period, specifically those related to the schism of international communism, in the evolution of the breakaway parties of the Peruvian Communist Party. For this purpose, it will use primary documentary sources: texts, declarations, analysis, and written testimonies of the multiple splinter communist parties and their most important members. In summary, it will argue that the rise of Maoism as an alternative current within global communism in defiance of Soviet hegemony in the early 1960s and its spread in the Latin American and Peruvian left was one of the main causes of the fragmentation of the Peruvian Communist Party and its subsequent weakening over the following two decades, but also of the emergence of the terrorist organization Peruvian Communist Party-Shining Path. Thus, this thesis aims to demonstrate how the intransigence of the Peruvian and foreign communists doomed the anticapitalistic and antiimperialist revolution and how the concepts of «revisionism» and communist internationalism are crucial to understand the fate of José Carlos Mariátegui’s party.
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Marxismo--Historia, Partido Comunista Peruano--Historia--1960-1979, China--Relaciones exteriores--Unión Soviética, Guerra Fría--Historia, Partidos políticos--Perú--1960-1979
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