¿Tutela jurisdiccional efectiva asimétrica?: un análisis de la compatibilidad entre los convenios arbitrales asimétricos y el debido proceso arbitral en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano
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2021-04-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En este artículo, el autor busca evaluar la validez constitucional de los convenios
arbitrales no sinalagmáticos, mediante la determinación sobre la compatibilidad de
estos con el debido proceso arbitral. Para esto, a la luz del principio de
concordancia práctica y de la ponderación, se problematizan tres derechos
constitucionales: la libertad contractual, la igualdad y el debido proceso arbitral. El
autor dota de contenido los conceptos centrales, definiendo a los convenios
arbitrales no sinalagmáticos y abordando las disquisiciones sobre los contenidos
de estos tres derechos constitucionales. Para alcanzar una conclusión válida, se
evalúa el peso abstracto de estos derechos en el arbitraje en base a la naturaleza
jurídica de este. El autor concluye que, en abstracto, no hay motivos para invalidar
constitucionalmente a los convenios arbitrales no sinalagmáticos y plantea un test
de tres pasos para determinar, en cada caso concreto, si un determinado convenio
arbitral es constitucionalmente válido. Este test consiste en determinar (i) su campo
de aplicación del convenio arbitral no sinalagmático y la existencia de conflicto, (ii)
la presencia de contenido esencial del debido proceso arbitral y (iii) la existencia
de una justificación razonable para la ausencia del sinalagma. Finalmente, el autor
propone la aplicación de la nulidad parcial del extremo desigual, ya sea de ventaja
o de desventaja, como remedio ante la invalidez constitucional.
In this article, the author pursues to evaluate the constitutional validity of the nonmutual arbitration agreements, through the determination of its compatibility with arbitral due process. To achieve this, in accordance with the concordancia práctica principle and the constitutional weighing, three constitutional rights will be problematized: contractual freedom, equality and arbitral due process. The author fills with content the key concepts, defining the non-mutual arbitration agreements and approaching the discussions regarding the content of the three constitutional rights. To reach a valid conclusion, the abstract weight of these three rights is evaluated against the legal nature of arbitration. The author reaches to the conclusion that there are no abstract reasons to constitutionally invalidate the nonmutual arbitration agreements and proposes a three steps test to determine, in each case, if an arbitration agreement is constitutionally valid. This tests consists in determining (i) the scope of application of the non-mutual arbitration agreement and the existence of a conflict of rights, (ii) the presence of essential content of the right to arbitral due process, and (iii) the existence of a reasonable justification for the non-mutuality. Finally, the author proposes the application of partial voidance to the unequal extent, regardless of its nature as a benefit or as a burden, as a remedy for the constitutional invalidity
In this article, the author pursues to evaluate the constitutional validity of the nonmutual arbitration agreements, through the determination of its compatibility with arbitral due process. To achieve this, in accordance with the concordancia práctica principle and the constitutional weighing, three constitutional rights will be problematized: contractual freedom, equality and arbitral due process. The author fills with content the key concepts, defining the non-mutual arbitration agreements and approaching the discussions regarding the content of the three constitutional rights. To reach a valid conclusion, the abstract weight of these three rights is evaluated against the legal nature of arbitration. The author reaches to the conclusion that there are no abstract reasons to constitutionally invalidate the nonmutual arbitration agreements and proposes a three steps test to determine, in each case, if an arbitration agreement is constitutionally valid. This tests consists in determining (i) the scope of application of the non-mutual arbitration agreement and the existence of a conflict of rights, (ii) the presence of essential content of the right to arbitral due process, and (iii) the existence of a reasonable justification for the non-mutuality. Finally, the author proposes the application of partial voidance to the unequal extent, regardless of its nature as a benefit or as a burden, as a remedy for the constitutional invalidity
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Palabras clave
Tutela jurisdiccional, Convenios, Arbitraje, Derecho civil