Aplicación del Principio de Retroactividad Benigna en el Procedimiento Administrativo Sancionador en caso de modificación del Instrumento de Gestión Ambiental
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2021-08-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La importancia de los instrumentos de gestión ambiental preventivos radica en
constituirse como una herramienta que antecede los impactos ambientales y proyecta
soluciones eficientes en favor del medio ambiente. No es menos importante indicar que
estos instrumentos, pueden requerir modificaciones o ampliaciones las cuales se
tramitarán con posterioridad al inicio de sus operaciones, toda vez que, aun cuando sea
exhaustivo en su primera versión, sería irreal que recojan todos los impactos socio
ambientales posibles.
Este trabajo busca establecer la viabilidad de aplicar el principio de retroactividad
benigna con relación a los instrumentos de gestión ambiental, a partir del procedimiento
administrativo sancionador seguido contra la Central Hidroeléctrica Potrero por el
incumplimiento de obligaciones establecidas en la declaración de impacto ambiental. En
este caso, antes del inicio del procedimiento administrativo sancionador, el Gobierno
Regional de Cajamarca aprobó el informe técnico sustentatorio de la Central, que
cambió favorablemente para el administrado las obligaciones imputadas como
infracción; sin embargo, el Tribunal de Fiscalización Ambiental consideró que los
instrumentos de gestión ambiental no son normas tipificadoras y, en consecuencia, no
cabía aplicar la retroactividad benigna.
Como conclusión se afirma la viabilidad de aplicar el principio en cuestión, pues la
nueva herramienta de gestión ambiental, en este caso, el informe técnico sustentatorio,
tiene condiciones más favorables para el administrado, lo cual debería repercutir
retroactivamente en el procedimiento sancionador.
El método empleado para estudiar la razonabilidad de la resolución es el cualitativo,
para lo cual se ha recurrido a fuentes normativas, jurisprudenciales y a la doctrina.
The importance of Preventive Environmental Management Instruments lies in becoming a tool that anticipates environmental impacts and projects efficient solutions in favor of the environment. It is important to indicate that these instruments may require modifications or extensions which will be processed after the start of their operations, because, although they are extensive in their first version, it is unlikely that they will include all possible socio-environmental impacts. Taking this into consideration, this work aims to establish the viability of applying the principle of benign retroactivity in relation to environmental management instruments, based on the administrative sanctioning procedure followed against the Potrero Hydroelectric Power Plant, for the breach of obligations established in the declaration of environmental impact. In this case, before the start of the administrative sanctioning procedure, the Regional Government of Cajamarca approved the technical support report of the Hydroelectric Power Plant, which favorably changed the obligations imputed as an infraction for the company. However, the Environmental Control Court considered that the Environmental management instruments are not standard rules and, consequently, benign retroactivity could not be applied. The work concludes that applying the principle is legally viable, because the new environmental management tool, in this case, the Sustaining Technical Report, has more favorable conditions for the company, which should retroactively affect the sanctioning procedure. The method used to study the reasonableness of the resolution is qualitative, for which normative, jurisprudential, and doctrine have been used.
The importance of Preventive Environmental Management Instruments lies in becoming a tool that anticipates environmental impacts and projects efficient solutions in favor of the environment. It is important to indicate that these instruments may require modifications or extensions which will be processed after the start of their operations, because, although they are extensive in their first version, it is unlikely that they will include all possible socio-environmental impacts. Taking this into consideration, this work aims to establish the viability of applying the principle of benign retroactivity in relation to environmental management instruments, based on the administrative sanctioning procedure followed against the Potrero Hydroelectric Power Plant, for the breach of obligations established in the declaration of environmental impact. In this case, before the start of the administrative sanctioning procedure, the Regional Government of Cajamarca approved the technical support report of the Hydroelectric Power Plant, which favorably changed the obligations imputed as an infraction for the company. However, the Environmental Control Court considered that the Environmental management instruments are not standard rules and, consequently, benign retroactivity could not be applied. The work concludes that applying the principle is legally viable, because the new environmental management tool, in this case, the Sustaining Technical Report, has more favorable conditions for the company, which should retroactively affect the sanctioning procedure. The method used to study the reasonableness of the resolution is qualitative, for which normative, jurisprudential, and doctrine have been used.
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Perú--Legislación, Gestión ambiental--Legislación--Perú, Impacto ambiental--Legislación--Perú, Centrales hidroeléctricas--Legislación--Perú, Sanciones administrativas--Legislación--Perú
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