El rol del juez como director del proceso: la prueba de oficio en el marco de la valoración de una prueba dactiloscópica en el proceso de nulidad de acto jurídico
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2023-07-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente trabajo académico se aborda el cuestionamiento realizado en el recurso
de Casación N° 4260-2017, respecto de la aparente obligación del Juez de solicitar
pruebas de oficio ante la falta de convicción de elementos de prueba que acrediten la
falta de manifestación de voluntad de la vendedora Juana Rodríguez Salas, la cual se
fundamenta en la actuación de una Pericia Dactiloscópica, la cual determinó que la
huella dactilar presente en el contrato era una mancha. Se plantea, como problema
principal, si persiste la facultad del juez de incorporar pruebas de oficio al proceso ante
la presencia de un informe pericial dactiloscópico ante una posible falta de convicción,
y como problema secundario, si es suficiente para el juez alegar que mantiene plena
convicción de las pruebas incorporadas para omitir la disposición de medios de prueba
de oficio. Como resultado, se ha realizado una apreciación conjunta del artículo 194°
del Código Civil Peruano y el X Pleno Casatorio Civil, así como los fundamentos de las
garantías del debido proceso relativos al derecho a probar y la motivación de
resoluciones judiciales, para concluir que es posible incorporar pruebas de oficio ante
las circunstancias descritas, siempre y cuando se haya realizado una valoración
racional de la prueba respecto del informe dactiloscópico, y se pueda emitir
pronunciamiento pleno sobre los puntos controvertidos. Asimismo, es necesario que la
convicción del juez que no incorpora pruebas de oficio esté debidamente motivada.
In the present academic work, the questioning made in the Cassation appeal No. 4260- 2017 is addressed, regarding the apparent obligation of the Judge to request ex officio evidence due to the lack of conviction of evidence that proves the lack of expression of will of the seller Juana Rodríguez Salas, which is based on the performance of a Fingerprint Expertise, which determined that the fingerprint present in the contract was a stain. The main problem is whether the judge's power to incorporate ex officio evidence into the process persists in the presence of a dactyloscopic expert report in the event of a possible lack of conviction, and as a secondary problem, if it is enough for the judge to allege that he maintains full conviction of the evidence incorporated to omit the disposition of means of evidence ex officio. As a result, a joint assessment of article 194 of the Peruvian Civil Code and the X Pleno Casatorio Civil has been carried out, as well as the foundations of the guarantees of due process related to the right to prove and the motivation of judicial decisions, to conclude that it is It is possible to incorporate ex officio evidence in the circumstances described, as long as a rational assessment of the evidence has been made with respect to the dactyloscopic report, and a full pronouncement can be issued on the controversial points. Likewise, it is necessary that the conviction of the judge who does not incorporate ex officio evidence is duly motivated.
In the present academic work, the questioning made in the Cassation appeal No. 4260- 2017 is addressed, regarding the apparent obligation of the Judge to request ex officio evidence due to the lack of conviction of evidence that proves the lack of expression of will of the seller Juana Rodríguez Salas, which is based on the performance of a Fingerprint Expertise, which determined that the fingerprint present in the contract was a stain. The main problem is whether the judge's power to incorporate ex officio evidence into the process persists in the presence of a dactyloscopic expert report in the event of a possible lack of conviction, and as a secondary problem, if it is enough for the judge to allege that he maintains full conviction of the evidence incorporated to omit the disposition of means of evidence ex officio. As a result, a joint assessment of article 194 of the Peruvian Civil Code and the X Pleno Casatorio Civil has been carried out, as well as the foundations of the guarantees of due process related to the right to prove and the motivation of judicial decisions, to conclude that it is It is possible to incorporate ex officio evidence in the circumstances described, as long as a rational assessment of the evidence has been made with respect to the dactyloscopic report, and a full pronouncement can be issued on the controversial points. Likewise, it is necessary that the conviction of the judge who does not incorporate ex officio evidence is duly motivated.
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Jueces, Prueba (Derecho), Prueba pericial, Procedimiento civil--Perú
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