Informe jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 197/2023 recaída en el Expediente N°00238-2021-PA/TC – Caso AOE
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2024-08-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional recaída en el
Expediente N°00238-2021-PA/TC tiene como finalidad responder a la pregunta
si la falta de información y distribución gratuita del Anticonceptivo Oral de
Emergencia – Levonorgestrel, constituye una violación a los derechos sexuales
y reproductivos, el derecho a la información y a la igualdad y no discriminación
de las personas con capacidad de gestar. Para ello, se analizó el desarrollo
normativo nacional e internacional de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, en
específico, el derecho a elegir libremente el método anticonceptivo de su
preferencia. En tal sentido, abordamos un primer problema procesal con el fin de
determinar si en el presente caso nos encontramos frente a un proceso de
amparo contra amparo tomando en cuenta la sentencia previa del Tribunal
Constitucional del Expediente N° 02005-2009-PA/TC. Por otro lado, respecto a
los problemas de fondo sostenemos que los derechos sexuales y reproductivos
se fundamentan principalmente en el derecho a la salud, entendido este último
bajo una concepción de salud como agencia. Asimismo, argumentamos que la
falta de distribución gratuita del mencionado anticonceptivo vulnera el derecho a
la elección libre de métodos anticonceptivos como parte de la salud sexual y
reproductiva y contraviene las obligaciones estatales con relación a ella.
Finalmente, concluimos de igual manera, que el mencionado hecho vulnera el
derecho a la información en materia sexual y reproductiva y la igualdad y no
discriminación de las mujeres pertenecientes a los sectores más empobrecidos
de nuestro país.
The purpose of this report on the ruling of the Constitutional Court issued in File No. 00238-2021-PA/TC is to answer the question whether the lack of information and free distribution of the Emergency Oral Contraceptive – Levonorgestrel constitutes a violation of the sexual and reproductive rights, as well as the right to information and equality and non-discrimination of people with gestational capacity. For that, the national and international regulatory development of sexual and reproductive rights was analyzed, specifically, the right to freely choose the contraceptive method of one's preference. In this sense, we address a first problem in order to determine whether we are facing a process of amparo against amparo in this case, taking into account the previous ruling of the Constitutional Court of File No. 02005-2009-PA/TC. On the other hand, regarding the underlying problems, we maintain that sexual and reproductive rights are based mainly on the right to health, the latter understood under a conception of health as an agency. Thus, we conclude that the lack of free distribution of the aforementioned contraceptive violates the right to free choice of contraceptive methods as part of sexual and reproductive health and the state obligations regarding this. Finally, we also conclude that it violates the right to information on sexual and reproductive matters and the equality and non-discrimination of women belonging to the most impoverished sectors of our country.
The purpose of this report on the ruling of the Constitutional Court issued in File No. 00238-2021-PA/TC is to answer the question whether the lack of information and free distribution of the Emergency Oral Contraceptive – Levonorgestrel constitutes a violation of the sexual and reproductive rights, as well as the right to information and equality and non-discrimination of people with gestational capacity. For that, the national and international regulatory development of sexual and reproductive rights was analyzed, specifically, the right to freely choose the contraceptive method of one's preference. In this sense, we address a first problem in order to determine whether we are facing a process of amparo against amparo in this case, taking into account the previous ruling of the Constitutional Court of File No. 02005-2009-PA/TC. On the other hand, regarding the underlying problems, we maintain that sexual and reproductive rights are based mainly on the right to health, the latter understood under a conception of health as an agency. Thus, we conclude that the lack of free distribution of the aforementioned contraceptive violates the right to free choice of contraceptive methods as part of sexual and reproductive health and the state obligations regarding this. Finally, we also conclude that it violates the right to information on sexual and reproductive matters and the equality and non-discrimination of women belonging to the most impoverished sectors of our country.
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Palabras clave
Derechos sexuales--Perú, Anticonceptivos orales--Perú, Acceso a la información--Perú, Discriminación sexual contra las mujeres--Perú