Factores que contribuyen o limitan el acceso a las familias a los Bonos Familiares Habitacionales en la modalidad de Construcción en Sitio Propio, en el marco de la implementación del programa de vivienda Techo Propio en el distrito de Chilca, provincia de Cañete; en el periodo 2015 - 2019: Análisis de caso de beneficiarios
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2022-03-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
La experiencia del programa de vivienda social Techo Propio, en su modalidad de
Construcción en Sitio Propio, implementada en el distrito de Chilca, provincia de Cañete,
Región Lima; se hace relevante en la medida que, a través del Bono Familiar
Habitacional, busca contribuir a que las familias vulnerables con déficit habitacional del
distrito, que de acuerdo al último Censo 2017 del INEI llegan a ser 2,046 familias,
puedan obtener una vivienda digna y segura; y logren mejorar la calidad de vida de sus
familias. Sin embargo, en 5 años de intervención del programa de vivienda en esta
localidad, solamente se ha podido adjudicar alrededor de 40 Bonos Familiares
Habitacionales (BFH) en la modalidad de Construcción en Sitio Propio (CSP). Debido a
esta situación particular, se ha dado pie a realizar esta investigación. Para ello, nuestro
principal objetivo del estudio se perfiló hacia la identificación de los factores que estarían
contribuyendo o limitando el acceso al subsidio habitacional, en los beneficiarios del
distrito de Chilca, durante el periodo comprendido de la investigación. Asimismo, se
responde a interrogantes sobre la articulación entre los actores relevantes, la
identificación de las expectativas y limitaciones del acceso al beneficio y finalmente los
aciertos y desaciertos que generaron algunas distorsiones en la implementación del
programa de vivienda social.
El estudio se centra en los beneficiarios vinculados al Programa Techo Propio en su
modalidad de CSP. La forma de investigación aplicada es el estudio de caso y se ha
desarrollado de acuerdo a las pautas de la investigación de tipo cualitativa. La
investigación está relacionada al concepto de desarrollo humano y se ha orientado
desde un enfoque del ejercicio del derecho y la búsqueda del bienestar a través de la
obtención de la vivienda digna. El vehículo es el programa de vivienda social con
subsidio del Estado mediante la adjudicación de bonos habitacionales; en un intento de
generar un valor social cubriendo necesidades de habitabilidad y resolviendo problemas
de déficit habitacional. Los resultados encontrados han permitido deducir que existirían
diversos factores, entre operativos, de saneamiento, de satisfacción y de uso, que
estarían limitando la correcta implementación del programa de vivienda social en el
distrito de Chilca. Uno de los factores más importantes que estaría limitando la
operativización del programa es el referente a la desarticulación que existe
principalmente entre el Ente Técnico, como operador privado del Programa de Vivienda
Techo Propio, que administra el subsidio; y la Municipalidad distrital, como entidad que
otorga los permisos y supervisa el correcto procedimiento técnico de la construcción del
módulo de vivienda subsidiado. Esta particular situación ha incidido directamente en los
resultados esperados de la intervención descrita. En ese sentido, la presente
investigación busca contribuir con una herramienta de análisis social para dar frente a
los desafíos del desarrollo que estudia la gerencia social; como son el desarrollo
endógeno y el desarrollo económico local donde no solo se vincula con la mejora de la
calidad de vida sino también con el desarrollo territorial del espacio analizado.
The experience of the Techo Propio social housing program, in its Own Site Construction modality, implemented in the Chilca district, Cañete province, Lima Region; It becomes relevant to the extent that, through the Housing Family Bonus, it seeks to contribute to the fact that vulnerable families with housing deficits in the district, which according to the last INEI Census 2017 reach 2,046 families, can obtain decent and safe housing ; and manage to improve the quality of life of their families. However, in 5 years of intervention of the housing program in this locality, it has only been possible to award around 40 Family Housing Bonds (BFH) in the Construction of Own Site (CSP) modality. Due to this particular situation, this research has been initiated. To do this, our main objective of the study was outlined towards the identification of the factors that would be contributing or limiting the access to the housing subsidy, in the beneficiaries of the Chilca district, during the period of the investigation. Likewise, it answers questions about the articulation between the relevant actors, the identification of the expectations and limitations of access to the benefit, and finally the successes and mistakes that some distortions generated in the implementation of the social housing program. The study focuses on the beneficiaries linked to the Own Roof Program in its CSP modality. The form of applied research is the case study and it has been developed according to the guidelines of qualitative research. The research is related to the concept of human development and has been oriented from an approach of the exercise of law and the search for well-being through obtaining decent housing. The vehicle is the state subsidized social housing program through the award of housing bonds; in an attempt to generate social value by meeting livability needs and solving housing deficit problems. The results found have allowed us to deduce that there would be various factors, including operational, sanitation, satisfaction and use, that would be limiting the correct implementation of the social housing program in the Chilca district. One of the most important factors that would be limiting the operation of the program is the one related to the disarticulation that exists mainly between the Technical Entity, as a private operator of the Own Roof Housing Program, which administers the subsidy; and the District Municipality, as the entity that grants permits and supervises the correct technical procedure for the construction of the subsidized housing module. This particular situation has had a direct impact on the expected results of the described intervention. In this sense, this research seeks to contribute with a social analysis tool to face the development challenges that social management studies; such as endogenous development and local economic development where it is not only linked to the improvement of the quality of life but also with the territorial development of the analyzed space.
The experience of the Techo Propio social housing program, in its Own Site Construction modality, implemented in the Chilca district, Cañete province, Lima Region; It becomes relevant to the extent that, through the Housing Family Bonus, it seeks to contribute to the fact that vulnerable families with housing deficits in the district, which according to the last INEI Census 2017 reach 2,046 families, can obtain decent and safe housing ; and manage to improve the quality of life of their families. However, in 5 years of intervention of the housing program in this locality, it has only been possible to award around 40 Family Housing Bonds (BFH) in the Construction of Own Site (CSP) modality. Due to this particular situation, this research has been initiated. To do this, our main objective of the study was outlined towards the identification of the factors that would be contributing or limiting the access to the housing subsidy, in the beneficiaries of the Chilca district, during the period of the investigation. Likewise, it answers questions about the articulation between the relevant actors, the identification of the expectations and limitations of access to the benefit, and finally the successes and mistakes that some distortions generated in the implementation of the social housing program. The study focuses on the beneficiaries linked to the Own Roof Program in its CSP modality. The form of applied research is the case study and it has been developed according to the guidelines of qualitative research. The research is related to the concept of human development and has been oriented from an approach of the exercise of law and the search for well-being through obtaining decent housing. The vehicle is the state subsidized social housing program through the award of housing bonds; in an attempt to generate social value by meeting livability needs and solving housing deficit problems. The results found have allowed us to deduce that there would be various factors, including operational, sanitation, satisfaction and use, that would be limiting the correct implementation of the social housing program in the Chilca district. One of the most important factors that would be limiting the operation of the program is the one related to the disarticulation that exists mainly between the Technical Entity, as a private operator of the Own Roof Housing Program, which administers the subsidy; and the District Municipality, as the entity that grants permits and supervises the correct technical procedure for the construction of the subsidized housing module. This particular situation has had a direct impact on the expected results of the described intervention. In this sense, this research seeks to contribute with a social analysis tool to face the development challenges that social management studies; such as endogenous development and local economic development where it is not only linked to the improvement of the quality of life but also with the territorial development of the analyzed space.
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Palabras clave
Vivienda social--Perú--Cañete (Lima : Provincia), Política de vivienda--Perú, Vivienda--Financiación--Perú--Cañete (Lima : Provincia)
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