Preferencias de pareja según la orientación sexual : un análisis desde la psicología evolucionista
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2013-10-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La investigación de las Preferencias de Pareja según la Psicología Evolucionista ha sido consistente en
señalar las diferencias que existen entre hombres y mujeres heterosexuales respecto a la búsqueda de una
pareja; sin embargo, muy poca investigación se ha realizado para entender el comportamiento de hombres
y mujeres gays al respecto. El presente estudio, realizado en Lima Metropolitana con jóvenes entre 20 y
30 años, pretende conocer cuáles son las preferencias de pareja de hombres y mujeres, heterosexuales y
gays. Para este propósito se aplicó una escala - construida sobre la base de 40 entrevistas en profundidad
y un análisis de contenido de las respuestas - a una muestra de 101 participantes. A partir del análisis
factorial de los resultados, se identificaron 6 factores a la base de las preferencias de pareja: Personalidad,
Sex Appeal, Compromiso, Familia, Sabiduría y Bienestar. Sobre la base de estos, se realizaron análisis no
paramétricos según sexo, orientación sexual y expectativa temporal de la relación. La expectativa
temporal de la relación influye en el orden de importancia de los factores y en cómo estos incrementan su
valoración a medida que se avanza hacia relaciones de largo plazo. Los hombres gays fueron igual de
exigentes que mujeres heterosexuales respecto del factor de Personalidad y mostraron menor interés por
Familia que mujeres y hombres heterosexuales, en el contexto de una Relación Seria. Si bien la Psicología
Evolucionista sirve como un buen marco de referencia para entender las preferencias según el sexo, esta
resulta insuficiente para entender el comportamiento de población gay, donde las demandas ambientales
parecen ejercer una influencia importante sobre sus decisiones. En este sentido, se sugiere ampliar la
revisión empírica en población gay para incorporar explicaciones alternativas a la teoría que no estén
construidas únicamente sobre la búsqueda de reproducción.
Research on Mate Preferences according to Evolutionary Psychology has been consistent in showing differences between straight men and women regarding mate choice. Nonetheless, little research has been done to understand gay men and women behavior on the subject. The present study aims to describe both straight and gay mate preferences in a young sample between 20 and 30 years old from Lima City in Peru. To accomplish this goal a quantitative scale – built from in depth content analysis of 40 interviews – was applied to 101 participants. Six factors were obtained through an exploratory factor analysis: Personality, Sex Appeal, Commitment, Family, Wisdom and Wellbeing. Non parametric tests were performed on the basis of these 6 factors to identify differences between sex, sexual orientation and context. Factor’s importance ranking and score varied significantly according to context, short-term or long-term. In a Serious Relationship, gay men were as demanding as straight women regarding Personality and showed less interest than both straight men and women when it came to Family. Although Evolutionary Psychology gives us an interesting frame of work to understand mate preferences according to sex, it stays insufficient to explain gay behavior. It seems as if environmental demands exert a great influence over gay preferences. In that sense, this study suggests widening research with gay population to incorporate alternative explanations to the theory that are not necessarily built over the need of reproduction.
Research on Mate Preferences according to Evolutionary Psychology has been consistent in showing differences between straight men and women regarding mate choice. Nonetheless, little research has been done to understand gay men and women behavior on the subject. The present study aims to describe both straight and gay mate preferences in a young sample between 20 and 30 years old from Lima City in Peru. To accomplish this goal a quantitative scale – built from in depth content analysis of 40 interviews – was applied to 101 participants. Six factors were obtained through an exploratory factor analysis: Personality, Sex Appeal, Commitment, Family, Wisdom and Wellbeing. Non parametric tests were performed on the basis of these 6 factors to identify differences between sex, sexual orientation and context. Factor’s importance ranking and score varied significantly according to context, short-term or long-term. In a Serious Relationship, gay men were as demanding as straight women regarding Personality and showed less interest than both straight men and women when it came to Family. Although Evolutionary Psychology gives us an interesting frame of work to understand mate preferences according to sex, it stays insufficient to explain gay behavior. It seems as if environmental demands exert a great influence over gay preferences. In that sense, this study suggests widening research with gay population to incorporate alternative explanations to the theory that are not necessarily built over the need of reproduction.
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Psicología evolutiva, Comportamiento sexual, Relaciones de pareja
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