Una mirada a la vida (y muerte) de los inmigrantes chinos de mediados y finales del siglo XIX en el Perú: análisis osteobiográfico y del ritual funerario
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2023-11-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación se basa en el hallazgo fortuito de tres entierros de inmigrantes
chinos de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX en Carabayllo, Lima durante los
trabajos de monitoreo arqueológico de la empresa Cálidda para la instalación de tuberías
de gas en el año 2018.
La inmigración china al Perú es un fenómeno que ocurre durante el siglo XIX, en un
contexto de caos y guerras en China; y, por otro lado, la falta de mano de obra para el
sector agrario en el Perú. Pese a la gran cantidad de información histórica sobre la
migración china, no se tiene mucha información arqueológica sobre sus prácticas
funerarias tras su llegada al país, porque las investigaciones arqueológicas de la migración
china al Perú están en etapas iniciales.
La hipótesis del presente trabajo es que los inmigrantes chinos cambiaron sus prácticas
funerarias, diferenciándose de sus compatriotas mediante la disminución del uso de
elementos tradicionales y la incorporación de elementos occidentales y cristianos. Para
ello se comparó la información sepulcral de estos tres individuos con datos publicados de
inmigrantes chinos y de peruanos del siglo XIX. Además, se realizaron osteobiografías
para aproximarnos a la vida (y muerte) de estas personas. Nuestros resultados muestran
que los migrantes chinos mantuvieron muchas de sus tradiciones funerarias e identidades
sin incorporar elementos occidentales, pero al mismo tiempo, no pudieron mantener
muchas de sus prácticas funerarias debido a la falta de recursos o porque cambiaron sus
tradiciones al adaptarse a su nuevo entorno cultural.
The present investigation is based on the incidental discovery of three burials of Chinese immigrants from the late 19th and early 20th century in Carabayllo, Lima during the archaeological monitoring work of the Cálidda company for the installation of gas pipes in 2018. Chinese immigration to Peru is a phenomenon that occurred during the 19th century, in a context of chaos and wars in China; and, on the other hand, the lack of labor for the agricultural sector in Peru. Despite the large amount of historical information about Chinese migration, there is not much archaeological information about their funerary practices after their arrival in the country, because the archaeological investigation of the Chinese migration is still in an early stage. The hypothesis of this investigation is that the Chinese immigrants changed their funerary practices, differentiating themselves from their Chinese compatriots by decreasing the use of traditional elements and incorporating Western and Christian elements. For this purpose, the sepulchral information of these three individuals was compared with published data on Chinese immigrants and on Peruvians from the 19th century. In addition, osteobiographies of their lives were made, to get us closer to the life (and death) of these people. Our results show that Chinese migrants largely maintained many of their funerary traditions and identities without incorporating Western elements, but at the same time, they were unable to maintain many of their funerary practices due to a lack of resources or because they changed their traditions as they adapted to their new cultural environment.
The present investigation is based on the incidental discovery of three burials of Chinese immigrants from the late 19th and early 20th century in Carabayllo, Lima during the archaeological monitoring work of the Cálidda company for the installation of gas pipes in 2018. Chinese immigration to Peru is a phenomenon that occurred during the 19th century, in a context of chaos and wars in China; and, on the other hand, the lack of labor for the agricultural sector in Peru. Despite the large amount of historical information about Chinese migration, there is not much archaeological information about their funerary practices after their arrival in the country, because the archaeological investigation of the Chinese migration is still in an early stage. The hypothesis of this investigation is that the Chinese immigrants changed their funerary practices, differentiating themselves from their Chinese compatriots by decreasing the use of traditional elements and incorporating Western and Christian elements. For this purpose, the sepulchral information of these three individuals was compared with published data on Chinese immigrants and on Peruvians from the 19th century. In addition, osteobiographies of their lives were made, to get us closer to the life (and death) of these people. Our results show that Chinese migrants largely maintained many of their funerary traditions and identities without incorporating Western elements, but at the same time, they were unable to maintain many of their funerary practices due to a lack of resources or because they changed their traditions as they adapted to their new cultural environment.
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Chinos en Perú--Siglo XIX, Restos humanos (Arqueología)--Perú, Arqueología, Perú--Emigración e inmigración
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