Relación entre la capacidad de infiltración y la capacidad de adaptación frente al efecto de disminución de la disponibilidad de recurso hídrico, Quebrada Quilcayhuanca, Parque Nacional Huascarán
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2019-09-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El efecto de disminución de la disponibilidad de recurso hídrico asociado al peligro
climático de desglaciación se manifiesta en la cuenca alta del río Santa durante la época
de estiaje y, es percibido por los usuarios de este recurso, generando la disminución de
ciertas actividades productivas que dependen de este. Sin embargo, el impacto de
dichos efectos, en la actualidad se ve compensado por el aporte del agua de ablación,
el cual al disminuir por efecto del retroceso glaciar generará una escasez severa del
recurso. Por lo indicado, la presente investigación busca determinar la relación entre la
capacidad de adaptación del Sistemas Socio-Ecológicos (SSE) frente al efecto descrito
y, la capacidad de infiltración (como medida de la cantidad de recurso hídrico que
permite el ingreso de la precipitación al SSE y un indicador de la disponibilidad de
recurso hídrico). El estudio se desarrolló en la quebrada Quilcayhuanca, perteneciente
a la cuenca alta del río Santa y ubicada al interior del Parque Nacional Huascarán.
Involucró la evaluación de los elementos del SSE, para identificar el elemento sensible
que al incrementar su capacidad de adaptación mejore a su vez su capacidad de
infiltración. Los resultados revelan que el elemento más sensible del SSE en estudio
frente al efecto del peligro climático indicado, es la propensión de la actividad ganadera
de restringirse por la escasez de pastos, asociando el efecto de disminución del recurso
hídrico a una disminución de la precipitación efectiva. Además, el sobrepastoreo y la
compactación son factores, diferentes al Cambio Climático, que disminuyen la
capacidad de infiltración y generan presión sobre el elemento sensible, afectando su
capacidad de adaptación. Asimismo, al analizarse el SSE que comprende a los
pastizales de la Quebrada en estudio, se evidenció el sobrepastoreo y la compactación
son resultado de la productividad del sistema, la falta de sistematización de información
que contribuya a conocer más acerca de su dinámica, la importancia de los recursos
para los usuarios y las reglas de elección colectiva vigentes al ser los principales
factores de amenaza para la sostenibilidad del uso de los recursos en el área en estudio
y por lo mismo, atentan contra su capacidad de adaptación. En tanto que el Liderazgo y
las normas sociales establecidas son aspectos potenciales para introducir valores
ambientales en el SSE y generar acuerdos institucionales a diferentes niveles y de
naturaleza flexible, para establecer valores ambientales y generar acuerdos
institucionales a diferentes niveles de naturaleza flexible, para fortalecer la gobernanza
y el uso sostenible de los pastizale.
The effect of the decrease in the availability of water resources associated with the climatic danger of de-glaciation is manifested in the upper basin of the Santa River during the low water season and is perceived by the users of this resource, generating the decrease of certain productive activities that depend on it. However, at present, the effects of the climatic danger of deglaciation are compensated by the contribution of ablation water, which when is reduced by the effect of glacial retreat will generate a severe scarcity of the resource. Therefore, this research seeks to determine the relationship between the capacity of adaptation of the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) against the described effect and the infiltration capacity (as a measure of the amount of water resource that allows precipitation to enter the SES and an indicator of water resource availability). The study was carried out in Quilcayhuanca Creek, which belongs to the upper basin of the Santa River and is located inside Huascarán National Park. It involved the evaluation of the elements of the SES, to identify the sensitive element that when increasing its capacity of adaptation improves in turn its capacity of infiltration. The results reveal that the the most sensitive element of the SSE in study is the propensity of livestock activity to be restricted by the scarcity of pastures, associating the effect of diminishing water resources with a decrease in effective precipitation. In addition, overgrazing and compaction are factors other than climate change that reduce infiltration capacity and generate pressure on the sensitive element, affecting its capacity of adaptation. Likewise, upon analyzing the SSE that includes the pastures of the Quebrada under study, it was evidenced that the productivity of the system, the lack of systematization of information that contributes to know more about it is dynamics, the importance of the resources for the users and the rules of collective election are the main threat factors for the sustainability of the use of the resources in the area under study and therefore, attempt against its capacity of adaptation. While Leadership and established social norms are potential aspects to establish environmental values and generate institutional agreements at different levels and flexible nature, to strengthen governance and sustainable use of rangelands.
The effect of the decrease in the availability of water resources associated with the climatic danger of de-glaciation is manifested in the upper basin of the Santa River during the low water season and is perceived by the users of this resource, generating the decrease of certain productive activities that depend on it. However, at present, the effects of the climatic danger of deglaciation are compensated by the contribution of ablation water, which when is reduced by the effect of glacial retreat will generate a severe scarcity of the resource. Therefore, this research seeks to determine the relationship between the capacity of adaptation of the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) against the described effect and the infiltration capacity (as a measure of the amount of water resource that allows precipitation to enter the SES and an indicator of water resource availability). The study was carried out in Quilcayhuanca Creek, which belongs to the upper basin of the Santa River and is located inside Huascarán National Park. It involved the evaluation of the elements of the SES, to identify the sensitive element that when increasing its capacity of adaptation improves in turn its capacity of infiltration. The results reveal that the the most sensitive element of the SSE in study is the propensity of livestock activity to be restricted by the scarcity of pastures, associating the effect of diminishing water resources with a decrease in effective precipitation. In addition, overgrazing and compaction are factors other than climate change that reduce infiltration capacity and generate pressure on the sensitive element, affecting its capacity of adaptation. Likewise, upon analyzing the SSE that includes the pastures of the Quebrada under study, it was evidenced that the productivity of the system, the lack of systematization of information that contributes to know more about it is dynamics, the importance of the resources for the users and the rules of collective election are the main threat factors for the sustainability of the use of the resources in the area under study and therefore, attempt against its capacity of adaptation. While Leadership and established social norms are potential aspects to establish environmental values and generate institutional agreements at different levels and flexible nature, to strengthen governance and sustainable use of rangelands.
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Cuencas hidrográficas--Perú--Ancash, Recursos naturales--Conservación--Aspectos sociales, Cambios climáticos, Aguas subterráneas
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