Informe Jurídico sobre la Sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos respecto al Caso Habitantes de La Oroya vs. Perú
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2024-08-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A partir de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos referida al
Caso Habitantes de La Oroya vs. Perú, examino si el Estado peruano es responsable
por la vulneración de los derechos al medio ambiente sano, salud, circulación y
residencia, acceso a la información y participación política en detrimento de 80
habitantes oroyinos; así como por la afectación de los derechos de la niñez en perjuicio
de 57 habitantes oroyinos que, cuando eran niños, vieron vulnerados sus derechos.
Para ello, resalto que las violaciones ocurridas se encuentran aunadas a las actividades
contaminantes derivadas del Complejo Metalúrgico de La Oroya.
Ahora bien, con el fin de realizar mi análisis sobre el caso, he recurrido a fuentes
normativas, jurisprudenciales y doctrinales pertinentes y conexas, las cuales me
permitieron arribar a la conclusión de que el Estado peruano sí es responsable. Primero,
el Perú no tomó en consideración el principio de desarrollo sostenible al ejecutar, regular
y supervisar la actividad metalúrgica en La Oroya, tampoco brindó la atención medica
necesaria a la población afectada por la contaminación; y la degradación ambiental
menoscabó la libre circulación por la ciudad y motivó desplazamientos forzados.
Segundo, los oroyinos no pudieron acceder eficientemente a la información
medioambiental sobre el estado de su ciudad ni tampoco participar activamente para
transmitir sus intereses y preocupaciones socioambientales a las autoridades. Tercero,
las y los niños oroyinos vieron afectados sus derechos a la salud, integridad y vida digna
de una manera alarmante considerando su vulnerabilidad intrínseca.
Based on the judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights referring to the Case of Inhabitants of La Oroya v. Peru, examined whether the Peruvian State is responsible for the violation of the rights to a healthy environment, health, movement and residence, access to information and participating in public affairs to the detriment of 80 inhabitants of La Oroya; as well as the impact on children's rights to the detriment of 57 inhabitants of La Oroya who, when they were children, saw their rights violated. For this, it is considered that the violations that occurred are linked to the polluting activities derived from the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex. To carry out my analysis of the case, I have resorted to relevant and related normative, jurisprudential, and doctrinal sources, which allowed me to reach the conclusion that the Peruvian State is indeed responsible. First, Peru did not take into consideration the principle of sustainable development when executing, regulating, and supervising the metallurgical activity in La Oroya, nor did it provide the necessary medical care to the population affected by the pollution; and environmental degradation undermined free movement around the city and led to forced displacement. Second, the people of La Oroya were unable to efficiently access environmental information about their city, nor did they actively participate in transmitting their socio-environmental interests and concerns to the authorities. Third, La Oroya's children saw their rights to health, integrity and a dignified life affected in an alarming way considering their intrinsic vulnerability.
Based on the judgment of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights referring to the Case of Inhabitants of La Oroya v. Peru, examined whether the Peruvian State is responsible for the violation of the rights to a healthy environment, health, movement and residence, access to information and participating in public affairs to the detriment of 80 inhabitants of La Oroya; as well as the impact on children's rights to the detriment of 57 inhabitants of La Oroya who, when they were children, saw their rights violated. For this, it is considered that the violations that occurred are linked to the polluting activities derived from the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex. To carry out my analysis of the case, I have resorted to relevant and related normative, jurisprudential, and doctrinal sources, which allowed me to reach the conclusion that the Peruvian State is indeed responsible. First, Peru did not take into consideration the principle of sustainable development when executing, regulating, and supervising the metallurgical activity in La Oroya, nor did it provide the necessary medical care to the population affected by the pollution; and environmental degradation undermined free movement around the city and led to forced displacement. Second, the people of La Oroya were unable to efficiently access environmental information about their city, nor did they actively participate in transmitting their socio-environmental interests and concerns to the authorities. Third, La Oroya's children saw their rights to health, integrity and a dignified life affected in an alarming way considering their intrinsic vulnerability.
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Derecho ambiental--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos--Jurisprudencia, Niños--Derechos--Perú, Contaminación ambiental--Perú
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