Estrés parental y optimismo en padres de niños con trastorno del espectro autista
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2014-11-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio investigó la asociación entre optimismo y estrés parental en un grupo de 33 padres de niños con TEA que asisten a un centro de educación especializado en autismo, tomando en cuenta la influencia de factores sociodemográficos (edad, sexo, entre otros) y factores de enfermedad (tratamiento psicológico y medicación). Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario que mide el estrés parental (PSI-SF) y otro que identifica su orientación predominante hacia la vida, entendida como optimismo o pesimismo (LOT-R). Se encontraron altos niveles de estrés parental tanto en la escala total como en cada uno de sus dominios. Además, los padres limeños presentaron un mayor nivel de estrés al evaluar las expectativas que tienen acerca de los logros de sus hijos y los refuerzos que reciben de ellos en sus roles como cuidadores. Asimismo, los padres de hijas mujeres sentían una mayor preocupación en cuanto a la capacidad de control de las conductas de sus hijos. Por otro lado, un mayor porcentaje de los padres presentan un optimismo bajo. Finalmente, el grado total de optimismo percibido por los padres correlaciona de manera positiva con el dominio interacción disfuncional padre - hijo, así como con el puntaje total de estrés parental en la muestra.
The present study investigated the relationship between parental stress levels and optimism levels in a group of 33 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who assisted to an education center specialized in the management of autism spectrum disorder, considering the influence of socio-demographic factors (age, sex, etc.) and disease factors (psychological treatment and medication). They completed a questionnaire to measure parental stress (PSI-SF) and another to identify their predominant orientation to life (optimism or pessimism) (LOT-R). We found high levels of parental stress in both the total scale and each of their domains. The parents from Lima had a higher level of stress to assess their expectations about the achievements of their children and the reinforcements they receive from them in their roles as caregivers. Also, the parents of daughters felt more concern about their ability to control the behavior of their children. On the other hand, about the orientation in life, it was found that a higher percentage of parents have low optimism. Finally, the overall degree of perceived parental optimism correlates positively with the area of Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction and with the total score of parental stress in the sample.
The present study investigated the relationship between parental stress levels and optimism levels in a group of 33 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who assisted to an education center specialized in the management of autism spectrum disorder, considering the influence of socio-demographic factors (age, sex, etc.) and disease factors (psychological treatment and medication). They completed a questionnaire to measure parental stress (PSI-SF) and another to identify their predominant orientation to life (optimism or pessimism) (LOT-R). We found high levels of parental stress in both the total scale and each of their domains. The parents from Lima had a higher level of stress to assess their expectations about the achievements of their children and the reinforcements they receive from them in their roles as caregivers. Also, the parents of daughters felt more concern about their ability to control the behavior of their children. On the other hand, about the orientation in life, it was found that a higher percentage of parents have low optimism. Finally, the overall degree of perceived parental optimism correlates positively with the area of Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction and with the total score of parental stress in the sample.
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Stress, Optimismo (Psicología), Autismo infantil, Adaptación (Psicología)
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