Factores que posibilitaron la creación del Programa de Ciencia y Tecnología
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2020-07-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio de caso propone identificar, a partir de metodologías
cualitativas, los factores que posibilitaron la creación del Programa de Ciencia y
Tecnología creado el año 2006 mediante contrato de préstamo entre el gobierno
del Perú y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Esta metodología implicó
la definición de un marco analítico para el análisis de los procesos decisionales
de política pública, la entrevista a actores gubernamentales y no
gubernamentales que formaron parte del proceso de creación del programa, así
como la revisión de fuentes secundarias relacionada a los aspectos
administrativos y legales de su creación. Posteriormente se procedió a
reconstruir el proceso decisional de creación del Programa de Ciencia y
Tecnología, analizar a los actores que formaron parte poniendo énfasis en sus
objetivos, intereses, recursos y roles, analizar las interacciones y estrategias
utilizadas y describir el contexto decisional que enmarcó el accionar de los
involucrados. Los resultados permiten evidenciar que la creación del Programa
de Ciencia y Tecnología resultó estar lejos de ser un proceso puramente técnico,
en el que, los actores involucrados definían de la manera más racional posible,
los contenidos del programa, por el contrario, se evidencia que su creación y
definición de contenidos estuvo delimitada por las interacciones y estrategias
motivadas por los intereses de los actores involucrados. Estas interacciones y
empleo de estrategias se dieron en dos etapas, la primera comprendió el periodo
1994 - 2000, y la segunda, el periodo 2001 - 2006. Se destaca además la
participación del BID que, por medio de recursos cognitivos y económicos y
asumiendo el rol de promotor, aliado y experto técnico, dependiendo de la etapa
del proceso decisional, contribuyó notablemente con la creación del programa.
Así mismo, se evidencia que un contexto económico de crecimiento y una
situación de superávit fue favorable para que se tomará la decisión de aprobar
la creación del Programa de Ciencia y Tecnología.
The present case study aims to identify the factors that led to the creation of the Science and Technology Program created by the loan agreement between the Government of Peru and the IDB the year 2006, on the basis of qualitative methodologies. This methodology involved the definition of an analytical framework for the analysis of decision-making processes of public policy, the interview with governmental and non-governmental actors who formed part of the process of creation of the program, as well as the review of secondary sources related to the administrative and legal aspects. It was subsequently proceeded to reconstruct the process of creation of the Science and Technology Program, analyse the actors who formed part with an emphasis on their objectives, interests, resources and roles, analyse the interactions and strategies used, and describe the decision context that framed the actions of those involved. The results allow us to demonstrate that the creation of the Science and Technology Program turned out to be far from being a purely technical process in which the actors involved defining, in the most rational way possible, the contents of the Program, on the contrary, there is evidence that its creation and definition of its content was delimited by the interactions and strategies driven by the interests of the actors involved. These interactions and employment of strategies occurred in two stages. The first covered the period 1994 - 2000, and the second the period 2001 - 2006. Further stresses the participation of the IDB, through cognitive resources and funding, and assuming the role of promoter, who is an ally and technical expert, depending on the stage of the decision-making process, contributed significantly to the creation of the program. At the same time, there is evidence that an economic context of growth and a surplus, was favorable for the decision to approve the creation of the Program.
The present case study aims to identify the factors that led to the creation of the Science and Technology Program created by the loan agreement between the Government of Peru and the IDB the year 2006, on the basis of qualitative methodologies. This methodology involved the definition of an analytical framework for the analysis of decision-making processes of public policy, the interview with governmental and non-governmental actors who formed part of the process of creation of the program, as well as the review of secondary sources related to the administrative and legal aspects. It was subsequently proceeded to reconstruct the process of creation of the Science and Technology Program, analyse the actors who formed part with an emphasis on their objectives, interests, resources and roles, analyse the interactions and strategies used, and describe the decision context that framed the actions of those involved. The results allow us to demonstrate that the creation of the Science and Technology Program turned out to be far from being a purely technical process in which the actors involved defining, in the most rational way possible, the contents of the Program, on the contrary, there is evidence that its creation and definition of its content was delimited by the interactions and strategies driven by the interests of the actors involved. These interactions and employment of strategies occurred in two stages. The first covered the period 1994 - 2000, and the second the period 2001 - 2006. Further stresses the participation of the IDB, through cognitive resources and funding, and assuming the role of promoter, who is an ally and technical expert, depending on the stage of the decision-making process, contributed significantly to the creation of the program. At the same time, there is evidence that an economic context of growth and a surplus, was favorable for the decision to approve the creation of the Program.
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Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Asistencia técnica--Perú, Ciencia y Estado--Perú
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